Flight Safety Information May 1, 2017 - No. 087 Incident: British Airways B789 near Brussels on Apr 29th 2017, loss of cabin pressure Accident: TAAG B737 at Soyo on Apr 30th 2017, nose gear collapse on landing Incident: Nesma A320 at Abha on Apr 28th 2017, overran runway on landing Antonov 26 CFIT Accident (Cuba) At least 27 hurt in turbulence on Aeroflot Moscow-Bangkok flight Spirit flight makes emergency landing at KCI after pilots notice odor in the cockpit Flight risk: 2016 most unsafe year for Indian aviation, 40% spike in near-miss cases Air Methods Announces New Safety, Compliance Leadership Civil Aviation Authority publishes guidelines for safe flying Passenger plane missing wheel makes dramatic emergency landing German airlines drop safety rule prompted by Germanwings crash China-made large amphibious aircraft finishes maiden glide test Boeing seeks U.S. anti-dumping probe against Bombardier jet Graduate Research Survey -2. Graduate Research Survey Request-3 Incident: British Airways B789 near Brussels on Apr 29th 2017, loss of cabin pressure A British Airways Boeing 787-900, registration G-ZBKF performing flight BA-143 from London Heathrow,EN (UK) to Delhi (India), was enroute at FL350 about 20nm east of Brussels (Belgium) when the crew initiated an emergency descent due to the loss of cabin pressure, the passenger oxygen masks were released. The aircraft levelled off at FL100 and returned to London for a safe landing about 80 minutes after leaving FL350. A replacement Boeing 787-900 registration G-ZBKC reached Delhi with a delay of 6:40 hours. The airline confirmed a loss of cabin pressure prompted the release of the oxygen masks and the return to Heathrow. The occurrence aircraft is still on the ground 31 hours after landing back. http://avherald.com/h?article=4a858c16&opt=0 Back to Top Accident: TAAG B737 at Soyo on Apr 30th 2017, nose gear collapse on landing A TAAG Angola Airlines Boeing 737-700, registration D2-TBF performing flight DT-130 from Luanda to Soyo (Angola) with 47 passengers and 6 crew, landed on Soyo's runway 24 at 11:00L (10:00Z) but came to a stop on the runway with nose gear retracted/collapsed. No injuries are being reported, the aircraft sustained substantial damage. The airline reported the aircraft became immobilized just after it had landed sound and safely and was preparing to taxi to the apron. There were no injuries. A passenger reported the nose gear did not extend at all, the main gear was partially extended but not vertical when the aircraft touched down on its belly. The airport reported the nose gear collapsed while landing and maneouvering to the apron. INAVIC (Angola's Civil Aviation Authority) have dispatched investigators to Soyo. A ground observer reported only the nose gear collapsed. Gossip at the airport is going around, that the first officer instead of selecting the flaps up moved the gear lever up, however, the ground observer is sceptical arguing the weight on wheel sensors would prevent gear retraction. http://avherald.com/h?article=4a856e94&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Nesma A320 at Abha on Apr 28th 2017, overran runway on landing A Nesma Airlines Airbus A320-200, registration SU-NMC performing flight NE-154 from Cairo (Egypt) to Abha (Saudi Arabia), landed on Abha's runway 31 in thunderstorms at 20:28L (17:28Z) but overran the end of the runway and came to a stop on the paved surface of the runway end safety area about 150 meters/500 feet past the runway end. A tow truck pushed the aircraft back onto the runway. Saudi Arabia's GACA reported there were no injuries and no damage to the aircraft when the aircraft overran the end of the runway. The aircraft was towed to the apron, the airport reopened at 21:30L. The occurrence is being investigated by Saudi Arabia's Investigation Commission. According to position data transmitted by the aircraft's transponder the aircraft crossed the runway threshold at a speed of 171 knots over ground and crossed the runway end at a speed above 46 knots over ground. Abha Regional Airport features a runway 13/31 of 3,350 meters/11,000 feet length at an elevation of 6,858 feet. Runway 13 features an ILS, runway 31 features a VOR/DME approach. http://avherald.com/h?article=4a84d395&opt=0 Back to Top Antonov 26 CFIT Accident (Cuba) Date: Saturday 29 April 2017 Type: Antonov 26 Operator: Aerogaviota On behalf of: Fuerza Aérea Revolucionaria Registration: registration unknown C/n / msn: First flight: Crew: Fatalities: / Occupants: Passengers: Fatalities: / Occupants: Total: Fatalities: 8 / Occupants: 8 Airplane damage: Destroyed Location: 6,5 km (4.1 mls) N of San Cristobal ( Cuba) Phase: Unknown (UNK) Nature: Military Departure airport: Baracoa Airport (BCA/MUBA), Cuba Destination airport: ? Narrative: An Antonov 26 aircraft, operated on behalf of the Cuban Armed Forces, reportedly impacted the Loma de la Pimienta mountain, north of San Cristobal in Cuba. All eight occupants sustained fatal injuries. Initial reports stated that the aircraft was operated by Aerogaviota, an airline established by the Cuban Army and owned by the Government of Cuba. https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20170429-0 Back to Top At least 27 hurt in turbulence on Aeroflot Moscow-Bangkok flight FILE PHOTO: An Aeroflot Boeing 777-300ER aircraft lands on a runway at Sheremetyevo International Airport outside Moscow, Russia, July 7, 2015. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov/File Photo At least 27 people were injured on an Aeroflot flight from Moscow to Bangkok on Monday when their Boeing 777 hit an air pocket, the Russian embassy in Thailand said in a statement. It said 24 of the injured were Russian nationals and 15 of them were taken to a Bangkok hospital for treatment. The other three injured were from Thailand. Three Russians have undergone operations lasting several hours, Russian RIA news agency reported, citing a Russian diplomat in Bangkok. The diplomat cited doctors who say their lives were not in danger. Aeroflot also dismissed some media reports about spine injuries. The Russian airline said in an earlier statement that several passengers had been injured during "severe turbulence" 40 minutes before landing in the Thai capital. It said the crew could not warn passengers of the danger because the turbulence occurred in a clear sky. "All the injured were sent to a local hospital with injuries of a different kind of severity, mainly fractures and bruises," the embassy said. "The reasons behind the injures was that some of the passengers had not had their seatbelts fastened." Airports of Thailand Pcl, Thailand's main airport operator, told Reuters the Boeing 777 had landed in Bangkok, but said any other comment should come from the airline. Aeroflot operates two flights a day from Moscow to Bangkok. Thailand is a top destination for Russian tourists, with many visiting the country's beach resorts. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-aeroflot-bangkok-turbulence-idUSKBN17X19O?il=0 Back to Top Spirit flight makes emergency landing at KCI after pilots notice odor in the cockpit * A faulty fan was found in that cockpit Passengers on a Spirit Airlines flight bound for Las Vegas were forced to make an unexpected pit stop in Kansas City Sunday evening. That flight, which was headed to Vegas from Akron-Canton, made an emergency landing at KCI after pilots smelled an unknown odor in the cockpit. A Spirit Airlines spokesman said when this happens, it is procedure for the pilot air masks to deploy. When the pilot air masks deploy, all passenger air masks deploy as well. That flight landed safely at KCI, and mechanics located a faulty fan in the cockpit causing that odor. At no point were the passengers, or the plane, in any danger. That Spirit spokesman said a second plane was en-route to KCI to pick up those passengers and carry them on to their destination. Spirit made arrangements for food for those passengers while they were on the ground in Kansas City. http://www.kmbc.com/article/spirit-flight-makes-emergency-landing-at-kci-after-pilots- notice-odor-in-the-cockpit/9584646 Back to Top Flight risk: 2016 most unsafe year for Indian aviation, 40% spike in near-miss cases Experts say that recent initiatives to boost the aviation sector will only weaken air safety standards, beset at present by a shortage of manpower, training and airspace for civilian traffic. There have been 32 cases of 'near miss' in 2016, highest for any year in the history of the country's civil aviation.(AFP File Photo) On August 22 last year, an air traffic controller saw Indigo flight IGO258 and Air India's AIC995 approaching the same altitude over New Delhi. Flight AIC995 was asked to turn left to avoid a collision, but that put the plane on the path of another Indigo aircraft, IGO528. It was a close shave, and in the end the three flights landed safely after the AI plane again made changes to its altitude, a source at the civil aviation ministry told HT. The incident was among 32 cases of 'near miss' in 2016, highest for any year in the history of the country's civil aviation, according to government data obtained by HT through the Right to Information law. The year beat the previous maximum seen in 2013 by 40%. Experts say that recent initiatives to boost the aviation sector will only weaken air safety standards, beset at present by a shortage of manpower, training and airspace for civilian traffic. "While safety requires maximum separation, increasing traffic has brought aircraft closer to each other's boundaries, so the chances of transgression are high," said SS Singh, a retired executive director of air traffic. Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off last week a scheme to make flying cheaper, aiming to put air travel in reach for the country's middle class with more flights to smaller towns. The year also saw the highest number - 151 - of pilots being suspended for violating safety protocols, a 38% increase from the previous high of 109 suspensions in 2012. A majority of them were found to have consumed too much alcohol in either pre- or post- flight medical checks. HT had, on the basis of figures for the 2016 January-May period, reported in August that the year was shaping up to be the worst in terms of air safety. Indiscipline and attitude issues were found as major reasons for pilots violating protocol. But a bulk of last year's mid-air scares, 22 of 32, were due to errors by the air traffic control (ATC). ATCs in India, sources there and in the directorate general of civil aviation (DGCA) said, are overwhelmed by widespread issues of bad infrastructure and few staff. "Under pressure from the International civil aviation organisation (a United Nations specialised agency set up to recommend air safety standards to its member countries), the airport authority of India recruited 1,000 air traffic controllers in 2016 but its three training colleges in Allahabad, Hyderabad and Gondia don't have the capacity to train all of them at one go," an official working in the ATC told HT on the condition of anonymity, He said after training, when new recruits reach control towers for on-the-job training, many have to wait for their turn since there are not enough terminals. Some end up waiting for months, he added. ATC job is considered to be one of the most stressful jobs in the world. And, according to the source, the mass recruitment has compromised on quality. "Out of the 1,000 BTech graduates, less than 1% come from reputed colleges such as NITs." Another ATC official, who too did not want to be identified, said the profession is full of "downsides". "Unattractive salary structure is one of them. To control high attrition, AAI introduced new job conditions that include a 5-year bond. If candidates leave within five years, they will have to pay Rs 5 lakh to AAI. This further discourages the best minds to take the ATC job," he said. In addition to manpower woes, the ATC sources said, controllers have to make do with very limited airspace despite the increasing flight volumes. "Delhi's 65% airspace is with the air force. We have 1,300 daily take-offs and landings of aircraft only in 35% of airspace," one of the sources said. PH Singh, former general secretary of the ATC Guild, said developed nations "have a system of need-based optimisation of airspace, but that's not here in India." "Before any enhancement in traffic, there must be a matching enhancement in infrastructure like airspace, technology, number of trained controllers and ground infrastructure. Surveillance and advanced warning and communication systems should be adequate. There should be honest, continued safety assessment," said Singh. ATCs, he added, should have the complete authority to say "no", when they feel they do not have the handling capacity. Emails to the secretary of civil aviation asking about the safety measures being taken to meet increased flight operations and address near-miss incidents received no response. IndiGo, SpiceJet flights come face-to-face at Delhi's IGI airport Senior officials said such increase in near-miss cases was natural when operations expanded. "Increasing traffic is no justification for increase in near-miss as human error can be minimised with well-structured training and upgradation of technology," said SS Panesar, a veteran pilot. Lalit Gupta, joint director general of DGCA, also did not respond. However, a senior official from the civil aviation regulator said pilots and ATCs were regularly sent for skill enhancement as needed. The DGCA also refused to share ICAO's air safety audit and action-taken report through an application under RTI. Tuhinanshu Sharma, director of Airworthiness in DGCA, replied, "The information is outside the purview of RTI Act." http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/flight-risk-2016-most-unsafe-year-for-indian- aviation-40-spike-in-near-miss-cases/story-UVDLabjT8xQUEcjMyuKxHO.html Back to Top Air Methods Announces New Safety, Compliance Leadership DENVER, April 27, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Air Methods, the global leader in emergency air medical services and air tourism, today announced the appointment of two key executives: Cory Theriot and Alan Einisman. Theriot joins Air Methods as vice president of Safety and Risk Management, and Alan Einisman as vice president and chief compliance officer. Prior to joining Air Methods, Theriot served as vice president of Safety and Quality Assurance for Era Helicopters, where he developed global safety teams, led reduction of incident rates, developed advance compliance programs and served as a steering committee member of HeliOffshore. As the head of the safety and risk management department, he is responsible for the oversight and continued implementation of the safety management systems (SMS) program at Air Methods. In addition, he will guide, measure, analyze, and provide recognition for safety efforts across the Company. "Safety plays a very important role at Air Methods, and we're excited to welcome Cory to the executive team," said Aaron Todd, Air Methods' chief executive officer. "He brings nearly two decades of global aviation experience with the exceptional ability to lead teams while enhancing safety performance and achieving quality gains." Einisman most recently served as vice president of International Compliance and Senior Associate General Counsel for UnitedHealth Group, where he oversaw international- compliance matters and activities across the family of companies. During his 10-year career with UnitedHealth Group, Einisman also provided legal support to a UnitedHealthcare business unit and also managed UnitedHealth Group's compliance and ethics program. In his new role, Einisman is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the development and implementation of Air Methods' corporate compliance program. "Alan brings significant compliance and legal experience to the leadership team," said Crystal Gordon, Air Methods' executive vice president, general counsel and corporate secretary. "His expertise will support our movement forward, as he is committed to the further development of compliance and improving our processes for our team members." Air Methods Corporation (www.airmethods.com) is the global leader in air medical transportation. The Air Medical Services Division is the largest provider of air medical transport services in the United States. The United Rotorcraft Division specializes in the design and manufacture of aeromedical and aerospace technology. The Tourism Division is comprised of Sundance Helicopters, Inc. and Blue Hawaiian Helicopters, which provide helicopter tours and charter flights in the Las Vegas/Grand Canyon region and Hawaii, respectively. Air Methods' fleet of owned, leased or maintained aircraft features over 450 helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/air-methods-announces-safety-compliance- 130100376.html Back to Top Civil Aviation Authority publishes guidelines for safe flying Israel's Civil Aviation Authority publishes safety guidelines for those wishing to fly gliders on Independence Day. IDF flights on Independence DayIDF flights on Independence DayFlash 90 Israel Transportation Ministry's Civil Aviation Authority on Sunday published an official notice warning the public to stay away from the flight paths of the IDF multicopter drones scheduled to fly on Independence Day. According to Civil Aviation Authority official Benny Davidor, the drones' flight paths endanger low-flying airplanes. This warning, he said, is especially relevant for cities on Israel's coast, and during nighttime fireworks shows. The CAA also published on its site a list of safety guidelines for those near the drones' flight paths, or wishing to fly gliders. These planes must fly no more than 50 feet in the air, and their owners must maintain eye contact with them at all times. The owners must stand two meters away from airport runways and planes which are currently in the air. Drones may not be flown near any public gatherings or groups of people, and must be flown at least 250 meters away from populated areas. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/228831 Back to Top Passenger plane missing wheel makes dramatic emergency landing A plane (1976 ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES 1124) has made a dramatic emergency landing in Florida after the pilot realised it was missing a wheel. Sarasota Bradenton International Airport received a distress call from the plane's pilot just before 5pm (10pm BST), an airport official told The Independent. The flight, which originated in Belize, was slated to land in Tampa at 6pm (11pm BST) on Friday. The official said the plane had lost its left main gear wheel on takeoff. The pilot circled the Gulf of Mexico to burn off excess fuel before landing, officials told the Bradenton Herald. This is done to reduce the risk of fire upon touchdown. The plane finally landed just before 6pm (11pm BST), skidding down the runway and shooting sparks in its wake. The plane started straight and then careened left, finally stopping in a patch of grass to the side of the runway. The three passengers and pilot exited the plane unharmed. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/plane-airplane-aircraft-emergency- landing-missing-wheel-sarasota-florida-belize-a7709556.html Back to Top German airlines drop safety rule prompted by Germanwings crash An airplane belonging to the airline Germanwings, Lufthansa's low-cost carrier, takes off on September 9, 2015 in Berlin, Germany. Germanwings has now merged with Eurowings German airlines are dropping safety rules brought in after the 2015 Germanwings plane crash which require two people in the cockpit at all times. Andreas Lubitz killed 150 people by crashing the plane - apparently on purpose - after the plane's captain left to use the toilet. Airlines now say the two-person rule has no safety benefits. Eurowings, which merged with the Germanwings brand, is one of the airlines now dropping the requirement. The German airline association BDL announced the change, which will come into effect by 1 June, on its website. It said its airlines will be re-introducing their original cockpit safety procedures. The European Aviation Safety Agency, which was behind the original rule change, relaxed the requirements last year to allow individual airlines to evaluate their own safety needs. BDL said that its airlines had "independently" reviewed the rules and decided that the two-person rule had no safety benefits - and could actually be more dangerous. The group said the changes caused "more frequent and predictable" opening of the cockpit door and expanded the number of people with access to the cockpit. Safety rules about cockpit access were enhanced following the 2015 crash It also said that the risk of a similar incident to the Germanwings crash was extremely low, and the risk of criminal or terrorist activity was much higher. Lufthansa, the country's biggest airline, is one of the groups removing the requirement. Its airlines include Austrian Airlines, Swiss Airlines, and Eurowings - which was merged with Germanwings in 2015, a process which had begun before the company's high-profile crash. However, other airlines in Europe have said they will be maintaining the two-person rule. The investigation into the 2015 Germanwings crash found that co-pilot Lubitz locked the plane's captain out of the cockpit when he left to use the toilet, before putting the plane into a dive. It struck the mountains at 700km/h (430mph) an hour, instantly killing everyone on board. Investigators later discovered he had been suffering from psychiatric issues he had hidden from his colleagues. He believed he was losing his sight - although he was not - and had been taking psychotropic medication which made him unfit to fly. Since the Germanwings crash, additional screening measures for mental health have been introduced for pilots. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39749803 Back to Top China-made large amphibious aircraft finishes maiden glide test This picture taken on July 23, 2016 shows a crowd at a ceremony to unveil the AG600 amphibious plane in Zhuhai, in south China's Guangdong Province. China successfully conducted the maiden glide test of AG-600, stated to be the largest amphibious aircraft in the world, in Zhuhai on Saturday. | Photo Credit: AFP Said to be the largest in the world, the 37-meter AG600 has a wingspan of 38.8 meters and a maximum take-off weight of 53.5 tonnes. China successfully conducted maiden glide test of its first amphibious aircraft, stated to be the largest in the world, in the southern Chinese city of Zhuhai. The glide test was conducted on Saturday. Other tests and check-ups are under way, according to the China Aviation Industry General Aircraft Co Ltd. Wingspan of 38.8 meters Designed to be the world's largest amphibious aircraft, the 37-meter AG600 with a wingspan of 38.8 meters, has a maximum take-off weight of 53.5 tonnes. It can collect 12 tonnes of water in 20 seconds, and transport up to 370 tonnes of water on a single tank of fuel, state-run Xinhua news agency reported. With excellent manoeuvrability and a relatively wide search scope range, the AG600 will be mainly used for maritime rescue, forest fire fighting, marine environment monitoring and protection. Aviation Industry Corp of China said in March that AG600 would embark on its maiden flight over land in late May and on water in the second-half of 2017. The aircraft developer has received orders for 17 AG600s. http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-made-large-amphibious-aircraft- finishes-maiden-glide-test/article18328457.ece Back to Top Boeing seeks U.S. anti-dumping probe against Bombardier jet A Boeing 737 MAX sits outside the hangar during a media tour of the Boeing 737 MAX at the Boeing plant in Renton, Washington December 8, 2015. REUTERS/Matt Mills McKnight Boeing Co on Thursday asked the U.S. Commerce Department to investigate alleged subsidies and unfair pricing for Canadian planemaker Bombardier's new CSeries airplane, adding to growing trade tensions between the United States and Canada. The petition against Canada's new competitor to the Boeing 737 aircraft came just days after the Commerce Department imposed duties averaging 20 percent on imports of Canadian softwood lumber, saying that the product's origin from public land amounted to an unfair government subsidy. On Wednesday, U.S. President Donald Trump told Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto that he intended to begin renegotiating the 23- year-old North American Free Trade Agreement, after White House officials said Trump had been considering an order to withdraw from the pact. Boeing said in its petition that Bombardier, determined to win a key order from Delta Air Lines Inc after losing a competition at United Airlines, had offered its planes to the airline at an "absurdly low" $19.6 million each, well below what it described as the aircraft's production cost of $33.2 million. "Propelled by massive, supply creating and illegal government subsidies, Bombardier Inc has embarked on an aggressive campaign to dump its CSeries aircraft in the United States," Boeing said in its petition. Boeing's similarly sized 737-700 model has a list price of $83.4 million, with the new 737- MAX 7 priced at $92.2 million. Sales discounts from list prices are typically 40 percent to 50 percent in the industry. In April 2016, Bombardier won the Delta order, its biggest yet, for 75 CS100 jets, worth an estimated $5.6 billion based on the list price of about $71.8 million. In its complaint against Bombardier, Boeing argued that the CSeries program would not exist without hundreds of millions of dollars in launch aid from the governments of Canada, Quebec and Britain, or a $2.5 billion equity infusion from Quebec and its largest pension fund in 2015. Quebec Economy Minister Dominique Anglade said in a statement that her government would defend "the commercial partnership concluded with Bombardier" for a $1 billion injection in the CSeries. Boeing also took a shot at European rival Airbus SE, which it accuses of benefiting from similar "unfair" government subsidies in a long-running dispute before the World Trade Organization. Bombardier is "taking a page out of the Airbus strategy book" by trying to muscle into the U.S. market with cut-rate pricing, Boeing charged. A Commerce Department spokesman said the petition would be given "a thorough review" and further comment was premature. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross has taken action in recent weeks to protect the U.S. steel and aluminum industries from foreign competition, launching national security investigations that could lead to import restrictions. An investigation could lead to duties on the Bombardier aircraft to offset any below-cost pricing or any subsidies deemed unfair. In a statement, Canada's government objected to Boeing's allegations and noted that the CSeries has many U.S. suppliers, including for engines, and supports thousands of U.S. jobs. "The Government of Canada will mount a vigorous defense against these allegations and stand up for aerospace jobs on both sides of the border," it said in the statement. Bombardier's chief executive conceded the company had been "aggressive" on pricing in order to win, and sources familiar with the deal pegged the discount closer to two-thirds off the nominal list price. Bombardier said in a statement that it was reviewing the petition and said it structures its dealings to ensure compliance with all relevant laws. The request for anti-dumping measures was also addressed to the U.S. International Trade Commission, an independent U.S. trade body that will review any decisions by the Commerce Department. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-boeing-bombardier-idUSKBN17T387 Back to Top Graduate Research Survey Dear colleagues, The flight crew of an airliner is expected to exhibit very high levels of decision making, all the time. Disasters are often attributed to poor decision making skills that are rigorously scrutinised after the event but a good decision never faces similar depth of review. I am doing a research on this very topic and need your help with a short anonymous survey. The primary objectives of this survey are to evaluate: 1. How pilots make decisions in a time and safety critical situation. 2. Whether there are any comparisons with other professionals facing similar time and safety pressures. The survey can be completed here: https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/7TKJ66K Can you spare a few moments to take my survey? www.surveymonkey.co.uk Please take the survey titled "Anonymous Survey- Decision making in a time and safety critical environment.City University of London naveed.kapadia@city.ac.uk". Your feedback is important! Thank you for your help and support with this research. Naveed MSc student at City University of London Back to Top Graduate Research Survey Request My name is Mohamed Sheryenna. I'm a student at the University of South wales (UK), MSc. Aircraft Maintenance System. I'm conducting this research about Importance of Implementation SMS to Aircraft Maintenance: For reducing accidents. This study would look to understand the approaches and benefits of implementation SMS in Aircraft maintenance organization to reduce risk of accidents or at least mitigate it by identify and manage risks in predictive phase. Moreover, the study sought to determine the influence of the organizational culture and its effective on maintenance. In addition, to assess some tools used by SMS to support maintenance and engineering to obtain optimal aircraft maintenance. Ultimately, the effectiveness of an SMS implementation means the organization can manage the complexity of these mechanisms to defend against risk incubation. All the information will be treated confidentially and reported in the aggregate. The resultant data will be analyzed as part of my master degree's thesis. I will strictly respect the confidentiality of all participants' input. If you are a participant, and if you desire, I will provide you with a copy of the outcomes of my study. Please return the survey with your business card or contact information to indicate your interest in receiving a copy of the results. I would greatly appreciate your input to my survey. I realize that you are very busy; and completion of the survey should require not more than 10 minutes of your time. These questionnaires are intended to explore SMS in Aircraft maintenance and are purely for academic purpose. Your participation in this research will be highly appreciated. please click the link below to go through the survey http://www.smartsurvey.co.uk/s/8YYUA/ Thank you very much for your cooperation. Sincerely yours, Mohamed Sheryenna 15050033@students.southwales.ac.uk Tel. 00447459876975 Curt Lewis