Flight Safety Information June 2, 2017 - No. 111 Incident: Blue B735 over Hungary on May 31st 2017, loss of communication leads to intercept Incident: Lufthansa CRJ9 near Frankfurt on May 30th 2017, instrument fault Boeing 737-924ER (WL) Bird Strike Boeing 777-281 Engine Shutdown Inflight NTSB report shows pilots of Pence jet at odds before LaGuardia skid Airplane Laptop Ban Is Slowing Growth of Middle Eastern Airlines Mitsubishi Aircraft Hosts STEM Event for High Schoolers Honeywell Shows Off Connected Aircraft Capabilities On Test Flights ICAO welcomes recent aviation safety progress in Georgia SA aviation flies out front in safety stakes - but drone rules still grate Aeroflot says new Russian jet 'serious' competitor to Boeing, Airbus. Position Available: Assistant/Associate Professor - Tenure Track Faculty - Aviation Technology. Safeskies 2017 Conference Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award Nominations Invited Research Survey - 1 Research Survey - 2 Incident: Blue B735 over Hungary on May 31st 2017, loss of communication leads to intercept A Blue Air Boeing 737-500, registration YR-AMA performing flight 0B-405 from Constanta (Romania) to Paris Beauvais (France), was enroute at FL340 about to be handed off to Budapest Center (Hungary) when the crew did not report on the Budapest frequency at about 12:46Z (14:46L). Hungary dispatched two Gripen fighter aircraft, who reached the Boeing at 15:06L about 35nm west of Budapest. The crew subsequently restored contact with Air Traffic Control and continued the flight to Paris for a safe landing about 110 minutes after the contact was restored. Hungary's Ministry of Transport confirmed two Gripen Fighter Aircraft were dispatched to respond to a passenger aircraft overflying Hungary that had not contacted Air Traffic Control. http://avherald.com/h?article=4a9c3236&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Lufthansa CRJ9 near Frankfurt on May 30th 2017, instrument fault May 31st 2017 20:59Z, last updated Thursday, Jun 1st 2017 13:22Z A Lufthansa Canadair CRJ-900, registration D-ACNU performing flight LH-1357 from Katowice (Poland) to Frankfurt/Main (Germany), was descending through about 5000 feet towards Frankfurt when the crew declared emergency due to an instrument fault. The aircraft continued the approach and landed safely about 7 minutes later. The occurrence aircraft resumed service the following morning after about 13 hours on the ground. At the time of the occurrence a massive thunderstorm front was moving across Europe. On Jun 1st 2017 The Aviation Herald learned the fault was an unreliable airspeed associated with the loss of an air data computer. http://avherald.com/h?article=4a9b843b&opt=0 Back to Top Boeing 737-924ER (WL) Bird Strike Date: 01-JUN-2017 Time: ca 13:00 UTC Type: Boeing 737-924ER (WL) Owner/operator: United Airlines Registration: N39416 C/n / msn: 37093/2528 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: Other fatalities: 0 Airplane damage: Minor Location: Chicago O'Hare Airport, IL (ORD) - United States of America Phase: Initial climb Nature: Domestic Scheduled Passenger Departure airport: Chicago O'Hare Airport, IL (ORD) Destination airport: Miami International Airport, FL (MIA/KMIA) Narrative: United Airlines flight UA1738 returned to land at Chicago O'Hare Airport, Illinois, USA after sustaining a bird strike. The aircraft, a Boeing 737-900ER, was climbing after takeoff from runway 22L at Chicago O'Hare Airport when a bird was ingested in the no.2 CFM56-7B26 engine. The crew arrested the climb at 3850 feet and returned to the airport for a normal landing on runway 28R, 25 minutes after takeoff. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=195857 Back to Top Boeing 777-281 Engine Shutdown Inflight Date: 01-JUN-2017 Time: 17:40 LT Type: Boeing 777-281 Owner/operator: All Nippon Airways - ANA Registration: JA711A C/n / msn: 33406/482 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 405 Other fatalities: 0 Airplane damage: Unknown Location: 10nm south of Amami Oshima island, Kagoshima prefecture - Japan Phase: En route Nature: Domestic Scheduled Passenger Departure airport: Naha Airport (OKA/ROAH) Destination airport: Osaka International Airport/Itami (ITM/RJOO) Narrative: All Nippon Airways' Boeing 777-281, operating flight 770 from Naha to Osaka/Itami was forced to turn back to Naha due to low oil pressure warning of No.2 engine at 10 nautical miles south of Amami Oshima island. The flight crew shut down the troubled engine and initiated a turn back. The airplane made a precautionary landing back at Naha about 50 minutes later without any further incident. No body was hurt. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=195846 Back to Top NTSB report shows pilots of Pence jet at odds before LaGuardia skid The two pilots on Mike Pence's campaign plane were at odds over how to land the jet just before it skidded off the LaGuardia Airport runway two weeks before the election, according to a cockpit transcript released yesterday by the National Transportation Safety Board. As Eastern Air Lines Flight 3452 verged on overshooting the runway, First Officer Diego Fernando Restrepo, who was the co-pilot in charge of landing, tried to keep the plane centered on the runway, while Capt. Robert Galloway turned right, according to more than 400 pages of fact-finding material. The jet slammed into protective barriers at the runway's end on a rainy Oct. 27 before careening into a grassy patch thick with rain-soaked mud about 7:40 p.m., several hundred feet from the Grand Central Parkway. "I should have gone straight ahead and we would have been fine," Galloway said several minutes after the landing, according to the transcript. "When I made the turn is when I screwed up." "I was fighting you because I was trying to stay on the center line," Restrepo said. "We would have broken just a few lights and that's it." Eyewitnesses, including a Port Authority officer waiting for Pence's plane to arrive, told investigators that the jet was coming in too fast for the landing. The 37 passengers, which also included Pence's staff and journalists, were not injured, but some of the nine crew members were treated for back and other pain caused by the hard landing. In releasing the statements and evidence, the NTSB said it was not making a conclusion on the cause of the hard landing but will start analyzing the flight recorder data and other material to determine what happened. Pilots who landed just before Pence's plane reported rain and some wind turbulence but not any major problems, according to their statements to investigators. According to his interview with investigators, Galloway warned his co-pilot that the plane was still too high over the runway and ordered him to "put it down." The captain also told investigators that he "jumped on the brakes to do all he could to make it stop," turning the jet onto the shoulders for a softer landing. As the pilots waited for a staircase to be pushed to one of the plane's left side doors, they discussed whether they should have aborted the landing and accelerated up to come back for another landing. Republican vice-presidential nominee Mike Pence was not hurt after his campaign plane skidded off a rain-slicked runway while landing at LaGuardia Airport on Thursday night, Oct. 27, 2016. He is pictured with some of the first responders who had raced to the scene. Photo Credit: TV Network Pool via AP Then a flight attendant informed them that a Secret Service agent wanted to talk to them. "My career just ended," Galloway was heard saying. Restrepo responds back: "Mine too. " http://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/ntsb-report-shows-pilots-of-pence-jet-at-odds-before-laguardia-skid-1.13701746 Back to Top Airplane Laptop Ban Is Slowing Growth of Middle Eastern Airlines Restrictions on bringing large electronic devices into aircraft cabins on certain routes to the United States are affecting traffic between the Middle East and the United States, a global airlines' association said on Thursday. Overall demand for air travel rose 10.7% in April, but the growth rate for the Middle East airlines was slower than its five-year average, a trend not seen in other regions, the International Air Transport Association said on Thursday. In March, the United States announced restrictions on large electronic items, such as laptops, on flights originating from 10 airports, including in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey, because of fears that a concealed bomb could be installed in electronic devices taken onto aircraft. That affects carriers such as Emirates, Qatar Airways, and Turkish Airlines. IATA said that in March traffic measured in revenue passenger kilometers between the Middle East and the United States fell by 2.8% year-on-year, the first drop in at least seven years. "It's too early to be absolutely sure, but we think these numbers are indicative of some impact on travel," IATA chief economist Brian Pearce said on Thursday. The United States seemed set to expand the restrictions last month to flights from Europe but, after discussions with European partners, it has not yet announced a decision. Any extension of the ban could affect U.S. and European airlines such as United, Delta, American Airlines, Lufthansa, British Airways, Air France-KLM, and Norwegian Air Shuttle . Authorities have been discussing several aspects, including the potential safety implications of storing large numbers of laptop batteries in cargo holds. IATA has called for alternatives to placing such devices in the hold, such as enhanced screening at airports, more training of airport security staff and the use of dogs trained to detect explosives. It estimates that if the restrictions were extended to Europe it could result in a $1.4 billion hit to productivity from passengers not being able to work while in the air. IATA Director General Alexandre de Juniac said that the uncertainty over whether the ban would be extended was not yet having a measurable impact on overall bookings. "In the mid term, if the decision is made, it's another story," he said.IATA holds it annual general meeting in Cancun from June 4-6, where it will give an update on airlines' expected profitability for this year. http://fortune.com/2017/06/01/airplane-laptop-ban-is-slowing-growth-of-middle-eastern-airlines/ Back to Top Mitsubishi Aircraft Hosts STEM Event for High Schoolers Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation America recently hosted a STEM event for 550 Moses Lake High School ninth graders in Washington State. On May 16, the students participated in Mitsubishi's Reach for the Stars with STEM program, held with Big Bend Community College. The one-day program involved speakers such as astronaut Wendy Lawrence, as well as video messages from Senator Patty Murray (D), Senator Maria Cantwell (D) and Governor Jay Inslee. The goal of the event was to inspire students to pursue a career in the STEM field. The day started with students visiting the Port of Moses Lake at Grant County International Airport. Mitsubishi had a few aircraft on display, such as the Mitsubishi Regional Jet. Some students toured the aircraft and spoke with pilots and other members of the program. Later in the day, students visited college booths hosted by representatives from Central Washington University, Washington State University, WSU Tri-Cities, Big Bend Community College and others to learn about their STEM programs. They were also able to speak to the representatives about opportunities of pursuing higher education in general. At a VIP reception at the end of the day, senior advisor and former president of Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation America Hiromichi "Mitch" Morimoto received the "Honorary Citizen of the State of Washington" award from John Thorquist, head of Washington's Office of Aerospace. Hitoshi "Hank" Iwasa, head of the Mitsubishi Flight Center, gave a speech thanking the presenters and the students for participating. "This STEM event is a way for Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation America to give back and benefit the community," Iwasa told AIN. "Since being in Washington State, we've seen how important STEM education is, and we want to continue to promote it throughout the region. Through the Reach for the Stars STEM event, we want to expose local students to the importance of STEM education, and we want to show them the opportunities that are right in their own backyard." https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-06-01/mitsubishi-aircraft-hosts-stem-event-high-schoolers Back to Top Honeywell Shows Off Connected Aircraft Capabilities On Test Flights Skift Take Honeywell has a new suite of connected tools that it's bringing to market powered by satellite connectivity. In a crowded market, though, it may take some time before the potential is fully realized. Enter another competitor seeking to wire up the aircraft, from consumer-facing Wi-Fi to pilot and ground analytics. Honeywell kicked off a nationwide tour earlier this week, showcasing its connected aircraft capabilities. The Honeywell demos took place on a Boeing 757 that's been outfitted for a variety of general engineering tests. Unlike other in-flight communications providers, Honeywell is trying to bring a full stack of connected solutions to market, from the hardware that runs the Wi-Fi connections for services for passengers to analytics for pilots and ground crews. On the consumer side, that solution, branded as JetWave, is geared to deliver bandwidth approaching 35MB in download speed. On the San Francisco flight, tests run through Speedtest.net returned download speeds ranging from 4MB to 27MB, depending on what server was used. More practically, it was possible to stream YouTube and Netflix simultaneously while downloading a large file at 2MB - all without interruption. With an aircraft full of passengers and the bandwidth tube a bit more crowded, however, it's easy to see how that signal could slow down. So far, JetWave has been integrated on select Lufthansa aircraft and is in stages of integration in a handful of other international carriers, including Qatar and Singapore; no U.S. carrier has so far signed up for consumer-facing WiFi service. Beyond in-flight W-iFi though, Honeywell seems to be equally committed to delivering corporate tools for the flight deck and ground crew. Onboard the test flight, the team showed off a suite of tools for pilot use, including tablet apps for flight management, landing simulation and weather tracking - all run through the Honeywell data pipe and backend. And the team was quick to volunteer that UPS will soon start using Honeywell avionics across its Airbus A300 network. The ideal solution, Honeywell admits, would be for an airline to invest in the full spectrum of tools from passenger Wi-Fi to flight deck solutions to on-the-ground analytics, but for now, the company seems to be willing to deliver services piecemeal, even if the satellite connection isn't theirs. Most consumers, too, will have to wait until an ultrafast Honeywell solution makes in-flight connectivity bearable. Currently, most U.S., carriers are either under contract or otherwise tied to an already existing solution such as GoGo or ViaSat, and by the time those commitments expire, new competing technologies will be on the table. Regardless, Honeywell appears to be committed to competing not only in the passenger Wi-Fi space but also across the entire aircraft experience. Past its corporate solutions, if it can wait out some of the existing U.S. carrier contracts, it could be able to capture some significant marketshare. https://skift.com/2017/06/02/honeywell-shows-off-connected-aircraft-capabilities-on-test-flights/ Back to Top ICAO welcomes recent aviation safety progress in Georgia The FINANCIAL -- The President of the ICAO Council, Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, expressed the UN agency's deep appreciation for the proactive actions being taken by the Government of Georgia to mitigate recent safety concerns identified under the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP). "Today the overall situation in Georgia is more stable, with positive trends prevailing," Dr. Aliu commented. "In order to sustain this momentum, ICAO encourages Georgia to continue working closely with our European and North Atlantic Regional Office and to strengthen its Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), which is a priority for ICAO throughout this Region." During his mission to Georgia, which took place from 25 to 27 May 2017, Dr. Aliu held discussions with Georgia's Prime Minister, Mr. Giorgi Kvirikashvili, where he underlined how the State's commitments to ICAO compliance would be instrumental to the socio-economic benefits which Georgia could look forward to due to enhanced global connectivity. Dr. Aliu also met with the country's Minister and Deputy Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia, Mr. Giorgi Gakharia and Mr. Giorgi Cherkezishvili, respectively, and the Director of the Georgian Civil Aviation Agency, Mr. Guram Jalaghonia. He was further introduced to the most recently appointed Permanent Representative of Georgia to ICAO, Mr. Konstantin Kavtaradze. Dr. Aliu highlighted in the course of these discussions the progress which Georgia has made toward enhancing its compliance with ICAO's standards and recommended practices, notably with the support of ICAO's Europe and North Atlantic (EURNAT) Regional Office. While accompanied by the ICAO EURNAT Regional Director, Mr. Luis Fonseca de Almeida, Dr. Aliu furthermore assured the country's leadership that ICAO is deeply committed to its "No Country Left Behind" initiative, and to providing further assistance to Georgia as its progress continues. The Georgian PM and Ministers acknowledged the aviation sector's role as a catalyst for broader socio-economic development, and noted the need for greater investment in infrastructure and better aligned national and aviation development planning. These are particularly important concerns for Georgia given the State's ambitions in terms of air navigation services provision and its desire to become a transit hub, as well as the significant opportunities expected due to the forecast increase in global air traffic volumes and Georgia's liberalization of its air transport policies. "Georgia is poised to achieve even greater progress towards the development of its capacity within the global civil aviation network, and ICAO is ready to provide all support necessary to help it along that path," Dr. Aliu summarized. http://www.finchannel.com/~finchannel/world/georgia/65322-icao-welcomes-recent-aviation-safety-progress-in-georgia Back to Top SA aviation flies out front in safety stakes - but drone rules still grate Drone industry says safety regulations are onerous and hold back development of the sector in SA SA's aviation industry is the safest in Africa, the latest audit by the International Civil Aviation Organisation has shown. The audit did not include unmanned aircraft despite a significant growth in the number of these craft in the global airspace. The fear is that, if not properly controlled, the unmanned craft could pose a collision risk as global safety standards are still to be developed. The South African Civil Aviation Authority said it had improved its safety record despite the introduction of more stringent global standards. The authority said it would have still performed well in the audit even if the unmanned aircraft had been factored in. SA is one of the first countries in the world to have regulated the operation of drones and licensing of pilots. Authority director Poppy Khoza said global standards on the use of unmanned aircraft being developed by the International Civil Aviation Organisation were expected only in 2022. The industry, however, says safety regulations are onerous and hold back development of the sector in SA - possibly costing it R500m in lack of business in the past two years. According to the preliminary results of the audit, SA has risen to the number one position in Africa and 33rd globally for aviation safety. In 2013, SA was number two on the continent and 41st globally, Transport Minister Joe Maswanganyi said during a media briefing at OR Tambo International Airport. President of the Commercial Unmanned Aircraft Association of Southern Africa, Dean Polley, said on Monday the association was gearing up to lobby for regulatory changes that with licensing remained "stringent, complex and unattainable when considering what the rest of the world are doing". He said some countries with the highest-density air traffic in the world had begun relaxing restrictions, particularly on smaller drones, and the association conservatively estimated a cost to business of R500m and 1,000 to 1,500 jobs. SA implemented drone regulations in 2015 and on Monday, the South African Civil Aviation Authority said those in the sector should use existing forums to express their concerns. The authority said it was constantly working on refining regulations, which were a foundation for policy. "The notion that [remote-piloted aircraft systems] should be allowed to operate without an adequate regulatory framework because it is deemed, and wrongfully so, to be expensive to comply with regulations that seek to encourage safety is simply flawed and cannot be justified," the authority said. Fees charged for such applications did not cover administrative costs, but despite the growth in the sector, the authority foresaw no problems with its funding framework. The South African Civil Aviation Authority, which is funded through safety levies charged to passengers and airlines, has posted four years of financial surpluses. These levies have been fixed to the consumer price index until the 2018-19 financial year. "SA is a country that is fairly stable in terms of compliance. It is a very complex industry, but from a regulatory point of view, we have a robust system," said Khoza. https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2017-05-22-sa-gets-bumped-up-the-air-safety-rankings/ Back to Top Aeroflot says new Russian jet 'serious' competitor to Boeing, Airbus ST PETERSBURG, Russia (Reuters) - Russia's new MS-21 passenger plane, its first domestically-built mainline commercial aircraft since the collapse of the Soviet Union, is a serious venture capable of competing with industry heavyweights Airbus and Boeing , the head of national airline Aeroflot told Reuters on Friday. Russia carried out the MS-21's maiden flight on Sunday and has heralded the twin-engine jet as a domestic alternative to those made by America's Boeing and Europe's Airbus, which dominate the medium-range narrow-body market. Manufacturer Irkut Corporation and its state-controlled parent company United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) say the new plane is more efficient than its Western counterparts, but analysts warn Russia faces a huge challenge to shatter the transatlantic airplane duopoly. "If they achieve the goals they announced, then this is of course a serious plane. It is a real plane which will compete with Boeing and with Airbus," Aeroflot CEO Vitaly Savelyev told Reuters in an interview at an economic forum in St Petersburg. "I think this will be a serious machine," he added. "It will be light, economical and effective. Now we are simply waiting for it." Flag carrier Aeroflot, which operates a fleet dominated by narrow-body Airbus models, has yet to sign any purchase contracts for the MS-21. But the company expects to do so this year and state defense conglomerate Rostec has already said it will lease at least 50 MS-21 planes to the airline. Savelyev said he expected the first delivery to be made in 2019 and 40 percent of Aeroflot's fleet would be made up of domestic aircraft by 2023. NO PRESSURE No official price has been announced, but it will have to be competitive to justify future purchases, Savelyev said. "We, as consumers, cannot take a plane that is more expensive than competing versions abroad. If we are to do it, it has to be at a competitive price," he said. The twin-engine MS-21 will be built in two variants: the MS-21-300 which will have 160-211 seats, and the later MS-21-200 which will have 130-165 seats. It is sometimes referred to as the MC-21 when using the Russian name and Cyrillic letters. Production is expected to start in the next two years and state media have said numerous contracts with domestic and foreign carriers have already been agreed. Irkut said it so far had "firm orders" for 175 planes. Majority state-owned Aeroflot is sometimes seen as making business decisions which primarily benefit the Russian government, such as a move in 2015 to buy a 75-percent stake in failing competitor Transaero. The purchase was later abandoned and Aeroflot agreed to fulfill Transaero's ticket obligations at the state's request. Savelyev said he had come under no pressure to support the MS-21, which the government is hoping will help rejuvenate domestic industrial production and make the country less dependent on foreign firms. "We are a commercial company, there is no pressure on us or instructions to buy Russian planes," he said. "We would like there to be a domestic aircraft, because every airline all over the world tries to support domestic producers." http://www.businessinsider.com/r-aeroflot-says-new-russian-jet-serious-competitor-to-boeing-airbus-2017-6 Back to Top Assistant/Associate Professor - Tenure Track Faculty - Aviation Technology Position: Tenure-Track Assistant/Associate Professor in Aviation Technology; Starting date: August 2017 Qualifications: Master's degree in any of the following: Aviation, Business, Education, Engineering, or aviation management related discipline. Must have a minimum of 18 graduate hours in aviation related courses. Three years aviation industry experience. Completion of an appropriate doctorate degree will be required within 5-years. Responsibilities: Teaching undergraduate courses and assuming a leadership role in the management of the department's Aviation Technology degree programs. Other responsibilities include serving on University committees, curriculum development, academic advisement and performing appropriate scholarly research and professional service within the guidelines of the University. Salary: Commensurate with qualifications The University: Indiana State University enrolls approximately 14,000 students in six colleges/schools. Please visit the University homepage at http://www.indstate.edu for details. Department: The Aviation Technology Department in a part of the College of Technology and currently offers the following BS degrees: Professional Aviation Flight Technology, Aviation Management, and Unmanned Systems. Application: Attach a letter of application, cover letter, vitae/resume, and your B.S. and Master's transcripts to the online application at http://jobs.indstate.edu/postings/16411. For full consideration, applications must be submitted by June 15, 2017. The position will remain open until on-campus interviews have been scheduled. If you have questions please contact Dr. Richard Baker, Chair, Faculty Search Committee, Department of Aviation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute IN 47809. richard.baker@indstate.edu; (812)237-2641 Indiana State University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. All are encouraged to apply including women, minorities, individuals with disabilities and protected veterans. Safeskies 2017 Conference The thirteenth biennial Safeskies aviation safety conference, Safeskies 2017, will be held from October 3 to 5, at the National Convention Centre, Canberra, Australia. Visit www.SafeskiesAustralia.org for details of program and registration. Back to Top Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award Nominations Invited The Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Foundation and Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) are accepting nominations for the 2017 Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award. Presented since 1956, the honor recognizes notable achievement in method, design, invention, study or other improvement in aviation safety. The award's recipient is selected for a "significant individual or group effort contributing to improving aviation safety, with emphasis on original contributions," and a "significant individual or group effort performed above and beyond normal responsibilities." www.ltbaward.com Nominations, which should include a one- to two-page narrative, can be submitted via the Laura Taber Barbour Foundation website. Nominations will be accepted through June 14. http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-05-11/laura-taber-barbour-air-safety-award-nominations- invited Back to Top Research Survey - 1 Dear Participants, You are being requested to participate in a research study of your opinions on the implementation of controlled rest in position to combat fatigue. This study is expected to take approximately 8 minutes of your time. In order to participate, you must be at least 18 years old and currently employed as a professional pilot. Participation in this study is voluntary, and you may choose to opt out of the study at any time. If you choose to opt out, your data will be destroyed. We appreciate your consideration and time to complete our study. Please click on or copy and paste the URL below: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJLP5j2hu6WNBxMnrsWEFvJwc2Aqp1EHZXduM1dPwS5IezXQ/viewform?usp=sf_link For more information, please contact: Dr. Scott R. Winter scott.winter@mac.com We appreciate your interest and participation! Back to Top Research Survey - 2 Dear Participants, You are being requested to participate in a research study on risk. This study is expected to take approximately 5 minutes of your time. In order to participate, you must be at least 18 years old and a pilot. Participation in this study is voluntary, and you may choose to opt out of the study at any time. If you choose to opt out before study completion, your data will be destroyed immediately. We appreciate your consideration and time to complete our study. Please click on or copy and paste the URL below: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYQv1wQ7ti8p8uE6rjWsAsoTvRe23hvVCR4LSvJheUNMt72Q/viewform?usp=sf_link For more information, please contact: Dr. Stephen Rice Stephen.rice2@erau.edu We appreciate your interest and participation! Dr. Stephen Rice, Associate Professor, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Curt Lewis