Flight Safety Information June 15, 2017 - No. 120 Incident: Germania Flug A321 at Pristina on Jun 14th 2017, unruly battery Incident: United B739 near Tallahassee on Jun 13th 2017, smell of smoke in cabin EVAS - Cocpit Smoke Protection BAe Hawk 108 Fatal Accident (Malaysa) Software Helps Pilots Navigate BasicMed Requirements China censures Emirates airline after two safety incidents Passengers demand answers for 'terrifying' Air Canada flight with aborted take-off Iranian boat shines laser at US aircraft in Strait of Hormuz United Airlines grounded a flight after passengers witness jet fuel gushing from the wing... 2017 EASA Annual Safety Review Published. Duncan Aviation Says US Biz Jets Are Behind on ADS-B. Germany's Lufthansa buys fleet of Cirrus airplanes for training pilots. Incident: Cathay Dragon A320 near Hong Kong on Jun 13th 2017, cabin did not pressurize Boeing Wins $5.8 Billion Jet Order From China Aircraft Leasing. Safeskies 2017 Conference Graduate Research Survey Request Incident: Germania Flug A321 at Pristina on Jun 14th 2017, unruly battery A Germania Flug Airbus A321-200, registration HB-JOI performing flight GM-3225 from Pristina (Kosovo) to Zurich (Switzerland), was climbing through FL110 out of Pristina when the crew declared emergency and stopped the climb reporting a phone battery was emitting smoke. While cabin crew dealt with the phone, the flight crew returned the aircraft to Pristina for a safe landing about 15 minutes after departure. Emergency services secured the phone. The aircraft remained on the ground for about 100 minutes, then departed again and reached Zurich with a delay of one hour 50 minutes. http://avherald.com/h?article=4aa547c9&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: United B739 near Tallahassee on Jun 13th 2017, smell of smoke in cabin A United Boeing 737-900, registration N66897 performing flight UA-1239 from Miami,FL to Chicago O'Hare,IL (USA) with 155 people on board, was enroute at FL340 about 90nm southeast of Tallahassee,FL (USA) when the crew reported smell of smoke in the cabin and decided to divert to Tallahassee. The crew advised they would vacate the runway via taxiway B9 and stop on taxiway B for checks by emergency services. Cabin crew had detected smell of smoke in the cabin, first in the forward section, then in the aft section of the cabin, they did not see any smoke. The aircraft landed safely on Tallahassee's runway 27 about 20 minutes later. Emergency services reported not seeing any smoke or fire from the outside, the aircraft taxied to the apron. A replacement Boeing 737-900 registration N38443 was dispatched to Tallahassee, resumed the flight and delivered the passengers to Chicago with a delay of 7:45 hours. http://flightaware.com/live/flight/UAL1239/history/20170613/1950Z/KMIA/KORD Back to Top Back to Top BAe Hawk 108 Fatal Accident (Malaysa) Date: 15-JUN-2017 Time: 11:30 a.m. Type: BAe Hawk 108 Owner/operator: TUDM (Royal Malaysian Air Force) Registration: M40-xx C/n / msn: Fatalities: Fatalities: 2 / Occupants: 2 Other fatalities: 0 Airplane damage: Written off (damaged beyond repair) Location: near Chukai in Terengganu - Malaysia Phase: En route Nature: Military Departure airport: Kuantan airbase Destination airport: Narrative: The military fighter jet is missing. Search operations are being conducted. In the course of Thursday 15 Juni 2017, the bodies of both deceased pilots were found. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=196150 Back to Top Software Helps Pilots Navigate BasicMed Requirements Some pilots say they find the new rules confusing. Pilot Partner offers aviators an easy way to photograph their documents and attach them to their PP eLogbook. The newest update to Pilot Partner, the electronic pilot logbook, supports the FAA's 1st, 2nd and 3rd Class medical requirements with its FAA Medical Wizard questionnaire offering visual currency indicators, alerts, relevant checklists and document storage. New regulations for BasicMed medical qualification, meanwhile, require pilots to keep their Aeromedical Course Certification and Medical Exam Checklist attached to their logbook. Pilot Partner answers this need by offering aviators an easy way to photograph their documents and attach them to their PP eLogbook. "BasicMed is complicated and time consuming for a busy pilot to keep track of. I was relieved to find Pilot Partner keeps track of the dates, and alerts me when the next currency action is due," said John Culp, a private pilot and PP customer. Culp recently began flying using the BasicMed qualification. Not everyone finds the BasicMed requirement easy to understand, one more reason PP created the newest update. "I read about the other things that I had to do to fly under BasicMed and I had the overwhelming feeling that if I were doing this for real I would just go get an FAA medical because that would be less trouble," said Richard Collins in Air Facts Journal. In his On Course column in the July issue of Flying, Editor-in-Chief Stephen Pope recounts his BasicMed experience, writing that the qualification process from start to finish was quick, inexpensive and hassle-free. http://www.flyingmag.com/software-helps-pilots-navigate-basicmed-requirements Back to Top China censures Emirates airline after two safety incidents An Emirates plane is seen at Lisbon's airport, Portugal June 24, 2016. China's civil aviation authority has fined the world's largest longhaul carrier, Dubai-based Emirates, and barred it from adding new destinations and aircraft in China for six months, following two incidents of "unsafe operations". Airline crew were responsible for an April 17 incident in which an aircraft flew at the wrong height and another on May 18, when a plane temporarily lost contact with air traffic control, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said. Both incidents took place over the far western region of Xinjiang, the regulator said in a statement on its website late on Wednesday. The regulator fined Emirates 29,000 yuan ($4,270) over the incidents, and said it had summoned senior airline officials to a meeting, but gave no further details. Emirates will cooperate fully with the CAAC and complete all actions it has recommended, an airline spokeswoman said. But the penalty will not make a significant impact on Emirates' earnings, as China accounts for just 3 percent of its total capacity, said Corrine Png, chief executive of transport research firm Crucial Perspective. "However, this does set Emirates back in terms of its strategic growth plans in China for another 6 months," she said, adding that Emirates grew its China capacity by 8 percent on the year in the first half, outstripping other carriers. "Further violations could potentially result in heavier penalties going forward." https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-aviation-emirates-idUSKBN19600R Back to Top Passengers demand answers for 'terrifying' Air Canada flight with aborted take-off, emergency landing Passengers on board an Air Canada flight from Antigua to Toronto are demanding answers after a series of mishaps - including a "terrifying" aborted take-off and an emergency landing - left some wondering if they would finish the trip alive. They say the captain explained he stopped the plane just before going airborne because he had neglected to activate an on-board computer. The emergency landing was blamed on faulty fuel distribution, similar to a problem the crew addressed before they left Antigua. Passengers question whether the Airbus A319 should have taken off at all on June 3 after its earlier troubles. "It was the absolute worst and most terrifying flight experience I've ever had," said Dan Fuller, 33, a Toronto-based Internet entrepreneur. "There were too many incidents that were occurring back to back to back to think everything was done by the book." But Air Canada says the aborted take-off, while rare, was at the relatively low speed of 80 knots - and well within safety parameters - and the plane had no known safety issues when it eventually left the Caribbean island. He slammed on the brakes. It was terrifying Though it had no staff on the ground in Puerto Rico, the airline arranged hotels and meals there for passengers before flying them to Toronto the next day, noted spokesman Peter Fitzpatrick. "Still, this was an understandably disappointing experience for our customers," he said. "Our crews are trained to behave professionally and operate safely at all times and they did follow safety protocols. We are sorry about this experience ... We have offered significant compensation." Fuller said he was promised a debriefing with an Air Canada customer-service representative and also emailed an array of company executives asking for a full explanation of the flight's troubles, but has yet to hear from any of them. He said he's been offered a $500 credit on future travel. According to passengers, Flight 961 was meant to leave about 2:30 p.m. from Antigua's V.C. Bird International Airport but a series of delays ensued, starting with a malfunctioning toilet. As the Airbus finally taxied toward the runway, it was ordered back by air-traffic controllers because of a storm in the area. Given the go-ahead later, the jet was hurtling down the runway when the take-off was suddenly aborted, smoke billowing from the landing gear. "He slammed on the brakes. It was terrifying," said Fuller, who had been on vacation with his wife. "A lot of us felt this would be the end for us." Fitzpatrick said the incident - at a low enough speed it did not need to be reported to the safety board - stemmed from a "flight computer setting." If you were on an aircraft with another carrier or you had a less experienced flight crew, you might not be alive today Both Fuller and fellow passenger Stella Mercuri, a Montreal-based medical secretary also on holiday, said the captain announced that he had made an error himself with the computer. The passengers next heard about a problem with the distribution of the fuel on the plane, but about four hours after the scheduled departure time, 961 took off successfully. Just over an hour into the flight, the pilot announced the emergency landing in Puerto Rico. "Everybody panicked," said Mercuri. "We were all pretty much freaking out ... I just felt that all this would have been avoided if they had just stayed in Antigua." Though the Transportation Safety Board is not investigating the incident, it issued a report saying the crew decided to land after noticing the engines were only getting fuel from the left and centre tanks, not the right, creating an imbalance. Fuller said he challenged the captain the next day as they were about to board the replacement flight, with a different crew. Citing his 30 years of cockpit experience, the pilot said things could have ended much differently, the passenger recalled. "He said 'If you were on an aircraft with another carrier or you had a less experienced flight crew, you might not be alive today.' " http://news.nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/passengers-demand-answers-for-terrifying-air- canada-flight-with-aborted-take-off-emergency-landing Back to Top Iranian boat shines laser at US aircraft in Strait of Hormuz WASHINGTON - An Iranian naval patrol boat shined a laser at a U.S. Marine Corps helicopter flying over the Strait of Hormuz in what officials said was an unsafe encounter. U.S. Navy Cmdr. Bill Urban said Wednesday that the Iranian vessel also turned its spotlight on two Navy ships that were moving through the strait on Tuesday. Urban, a U.S. Fifth Fleet spokesman, said the Iranian boat came within 800 yards of the USS Bataan, an amphibious assault ship, and scanned it from bow to stern with the spotlight. It also shined the light on the USS Cole, a guided missile destroyer. The Marine CH-53E Super Stallion heavy lift helicopter automatically fired flares in response to the laser. No one was injured and there was no damage to the ships. Flight operations take place on the flight deck of the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan (LHD 5), seen from an MH- 60S Seahawk helicopter assigned to the Chargers of Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 26. Photo Credit: MC3 Raymond Minami/Navy A third American vessel, the USNS Washington Chambers cargo ship, was accompanying the others but was not affected. Urban said the action was considered unsafe because "illuminating helicopters with lasers at night is dangerous as it creates a navigational hazard that can impair vision and can be disorienting to pilots using night vision goggles." https://www.navytimes.com/articles/iranian-boat-shines-laser-at-us-aircraft-in-strait-of-hormuz Back to Top United Airlines grounded a flight after passengers witness jet fuel gushing from the wing United Airlines was forced to cancel a Venice, Italy-bound flight after the plane suffered a massive fuel leak while waiting to take off at Newark Liberty International Airport. Video captured by a passenger on board the Boeing 767-300 shows fuel gushing from its left wing. According to a United Airlines spokesperson, the aircraft has been taken out of service. However, the airline did not disclose the amount of the fuel spilled or the cause of the spill. The incident, which took place Tuesday evening, forced United Flight 170 to return to the gate and its passenger to disembark. Passengers on the flight were provided hotel rooms for the night and rebooked on later flights. In a statement to Business Insider, United Airlines wrote: "While taxiing to the runway yesterday evening, United flight 170 traveling from Newark to Venice, Italy returned to the gate due to a fuel leak, and was later cancelled. We apologize to our customers for the inconvenience. Our team helped provide customers with hotel accommodations for the night and are working to get them back on their way to Venice today." http://www.businessinsider.com/united-airlines-boeing-767-fuel-leak-newark-airport-2017-6 Back to Top 2017 EASA Annual Safety Review Published EASA publishes today the 2017 edition of its Annual Safety Review. The analysis in this year's review provides a statistical summary of aviation safety in the EASA Member States and identifies the most important safety challenges faced in European aviation today. This data-driven analysis will lead to the development of safety actions across domain-specific safety risk portfolios and will define the priorities on which the Agency will focus on. These priorities will be presented in the next edition of the European Plan for Aviation Safety to be published in December 2017. "2016 has brought continued improvements in safety across almost every operational domain. However, the complex nature of aviation safety and new challenges and emerging issues impose to maintain the highest vigilance and safety efforts as an aviation community. EASA has engaged in various initiatives which will help to ensure our continued vigilance and help improve safety for today and into the future" said Patrick Ky, EASA Executive Director. During the past year EASA has advanced and developed key strategic activities across a diverse range of new and emerging issues. The Agency has recently published the notice of proposed amendment on the regulatory framework for the operation of drones. With the emergence of new and more sophisticated cyber threats, EASA has commenced the implementation of the European Centre for Cyber Security in Aviation. The Agency continues to work with partners in Europe and at a global level to monitor the threat of conflict zones and provide rapid advice to civil aviation. The Agency has also further refined the way in which it applies Safety Risk Management principles. In particular, the collaborative analysis groups who bring together expertise from authorities and industry stakeholders have proved to be successful tools in further underpinning a data-driven approach to managing safety. http://www.aviationpros.com/press_release/12343932/2017-easa-annual-safety-review-published Annual Safety Review 2017 - PDF version Back to Top Duncan Aviation Says US Biz Jets Are Behind on ADS-B ADS-B, Duncan Aviation Research by Duncan Aviation shows that more than 10,000 business jets in the U.S. do not currently comply with the FAA's 2020 ADS-B Out mandate, the company said. As of March 31, some 73% of business jets in the U.S. have not yet equipped. "At the current rate of ADS-B adoption, about 4,760 aircraft will still need ADS-B when the mandate goes into effect," said Mark Cote, Duncan Aviation's VP of Parts Sales, Avionics and Satellites. "Those aircraft, for all intents and purposes, will be grounded. For the entire fleet to be ADS-B compliant, 320 aircraft need to be updated every month from now until the mandate goes into effect." Duncan Aviation said it used data from its proprietary customer database, the FAA and other industry sources to reach these estimates. The company said that currently fewer than 160 aircraft are being updated every month. Last year, the company estimated that more than 2,000 business aircraft might be grounded come 2020 due to noncompliance. But Duncan Aviation's most recent research shows greater numbers, and the company said it demonstrates a more urgent need to install ADS-B Out. "The FAA has stated several times that the mandate deadline will not change," Cote said. "With limited labor and hangar capacity, operators need to plan ahead to ensure their business aircraft will be able to continue to meet its mission and company needs." So far, Duncan Aviation said capacity is not a problem for its facilities. It is also offering a slot program, which works as a reservation service. http://www.aviationtoday.com/2017/06/14/duncan-aviation-research-shows-us-biz-jets-behind-ads-b-installs/ Back to Top Germany's Lufthansa buys fleet of Cirrus airplanes for training pilots Lufthansa Aviation Training, the flight training program operated by Lufthansa Airlines, selected Cirrus Aircraft's SR20 for its primary training fleet. Lufthansa Aviation Training, a flight training program operated by Lufthansa Airlines, has ordered 25 SR20 Cirrus Aircraft planes for training pilots. The fleet will be used to train Lufthansa Airlines pilots as well as pilots for Swiss Air, Austrian Airlines and Eurowings, which are all owned by Germany-based Lufthansa Group. Lufthansa is Germany's largest airline and is one of the largest in Europe. The aircraft also will be used to train pilots for KLM Royal Dutch Airlines along with All Nippon Airways and the German Air Force, according to a release from Duluth, Minnesota-based Cirrus Design Group, which is better known as Cirrus Aircraft. The flight-training programs are based in Goodyear, Arizona. In 1999, the SR20 became the Duluth-based aircraft manufacturer's first production plane. "Today's forward-thinking airlines and pilot training programs are realizing the immediate benefits of teaching and learning in the most effective equipment available uniquely from Cirrus," said Todd Simmons, president, Customer Experience at Cirrus Aircraft, in a statement. "Those benefits are amplified in the airline pilot training environment as the Cirrus SR series solution offers competitive advantages of advanced navigation and safety systems similar to the systems these new pilots will use in the airlines' larger aircraft." Last month, Cirrus Aircraft received special certification from the Federal Aviation Administration to accelerate deliveries of its new SF50 Vision Jet, allowing production without regulators inspecting each plane as it comes off the line. http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/news/2017/06/13/germanys-lufthansa-buys-fleet-of-cirrus-airplanes.html Back to Top US and Qatar sign $12 bn deal for F-15 jets amid diplomatic crisis The US and Qatar have signed a $12-billion deal for F-15 combat jets against the backdrop of a diplomatic crisis involving the Gulf nation and its Arab neighbours. File photo of a US Air Force F-15 jet doing a low-level flyby over Forward Operating Base Bostick in eastern Afghanistan on January 1, 2009. (Reuters) A $12-billion deal between the US and Qatar for F-15 combat jets and a visit to Doha by two American warships showed the vital military links Washington maintains with a country now in a dispute with several other Arab nations. The deal for the F-15 jets was completed despite the Gulf country being criticised by US President Donald Trump for supporting terrorism. Qatari minister of state for defence Khalid bin Mohammed al-Attiyah and US defence secretary Jim Mattis met in Washington on Wednesday and signed the deal for the jets believed to be worth $12 billion. Bloomberg News reported the deal was for 36 jets. "Qatar and the US have solidified their military cooperation by having fought together side by side for many years now in an effort to eradicate terrorism and promote a future of dignity and prosperity," al-Attiyah said in a statement. The sale will increase security cooperation and interoperability between the US and Qatar, the Pentagon said. Mattis and al-Attiyah also discussed the current state of operations against the Islamic State and the importance of de-escalating tensions so all partners in the Gulf can focus on next steps in meeting common goals, the Pentagon added. Qatar remains key US military ally Qatar remains home to some 10,000 American troops at a major US military base in the Mideast. So far, the dispute between Doha and nations led by Saudi Arabia has yet to shake that partnership, though cracks are showing in responses from Trump and his administration. In November, the US approved the possible sale of up to 72 F-15QA jets to Qatar worth $21.1-billion in the waning days of the Obama administration. Boeing Co is the prime contractor on the fighter jet sale to the Middle East nation and it wasn't immediately clear if the two deals were one and the same. The signing comes as Mattis has offered his support to Qatar in the past. Mattis formerly oversaw the US military's Central Command, whose forward operating base is at the vast al-Udeid air base in Qatar. That base serves an important role in managing the fight against the IS in Iraq and Syria, as well as the war in Afghanistan. Meanwhile, the USS Chinook, a coastal patrol ship, and US Coast Guard Cutter Baranof were in Doha on Thursday, said Cmdr Bill Urban of the US Navy's Bahrain-based 5th Fleet. He called the trip a "routine port visit", though Qatar's state-run news agency described the presence as being part of a "joint exercise" with the Qatari Navy. "US 5th Fleet ships conduct similar port visits throughout the region as part of our normal operations," Urban told the AP. Trump remarks hinder US efforts to ease tensions Trump on Friday accused Qatar of being a "high-level" sponsor of terrorism, potentially hindering the US department of state's efforts to ease heightening tensions and a blockade of the Gulf nation by Arab states and others. Trump's remarks were in line with one of the main allegations levelled by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt and Bahrain when they initially cut diplomatic ties on June 5. Meanwhile, the United Nations agency overseeing global air travel has acknowledged receiving complaints from Qatar about other nations cutting off flying routes for its long-haul state carrier, Qatar Airways. Those cuts have seen global air travel disrupted and threatened the airline's revenues. The crisis between Qatar and its Arab neighbors, all US allies, has put America in a delicate situation. Mattis has described Qatar as "moving in the right direction", while US secretary of state Rex Tillerson called for Arab Gulf nations to remain united. Qatar long has been trying to secure its relations with the US, whether through hosting the American military base or an office for the Taliban, said David B Roberts, an assistant professor at King's College London who recently wrote the book Qatar: Securing the Global Ambitions of a City-State. The recent mixed message from the Trump administration, however, has it working even harder, he said. "Qatar long has wanted to make itself a particularly important ally for America where it can," Roberts said. "It has been a bit of a pain at times in other things...but the American angle has often been very important." The crisis has seen Saudi Arabia cut off its land border with Qatar, the host of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. After an initial run on grocery stores by nervous residents, Qatar has organised dairy shipments from Turkey while Shia power Iran has begun shipping in food. Qatar's ties with Iran, with whom it shares a major offshore natural gas field, is another criticism of the Arab countries. Doha also has begun running cargo shipments from ports in Oman after seeing its sea routes to the UAE's major ports cut off. But its cutoff air travel routes remain problematic. Typically, Qatar Airways flights to the West flew over Saudi Arabia. But with that airspace closed, the airline is flying longer routes over Iran and Turkey. Its regional feeder flights in Saudi Arabia and the UAE also have been cut off. Qatar has filed complaints to the Montreal-based International Civil Aviation Organization, a UN agency, calling the Arab nations' refusal to let it fly through their airspace illegal. In a statement, the organisation said it would host ministers and senior officials from Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and Bahrain on Thursday. "For now, we are working to bring these states together towards a solution which satisfies both their current regional concerns and the global needs and expectations of passengers and shippers," the statement said. However, it remains unclear how the organisation that doesn't issue binding rules could force the Arab nations to reopen their airspace to Qatar. "If I was betting now, I would suggest this is going to go on for a very long time," Roberts said of the crisis. http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-and-qatar-sign-12-bn-deal-for-f-15-jets-amid-diplomatic- crisis/story-j7zqekliTu0Qp0cAemb6MJ.html Back to Top Boeing Wins $5.8 Billion Jet Order From China Aircraft Leasing * Order is for 50 737 Max series planes, CALC says in statement * Planes to be delivered in stages through 2023, CALC says Boeing Co. won a $5.8 billion order for its 737 Max jets from China Aircraft Leasing Group Holdings Ltd. as the lessor purchases more planes amid surging demand across Asia. The order is for 50 single-aisle jets, which will be delivered through 2023, China Aircraft Leasing said in a statement to the Hong Kong stock exchange Thursday. The transaction is the company's first purchase from Boeing and the final price will be arrived after discussions on discounts that are customary in the industry. China Aircraft Leasing's order bolsters an already strong demand for the largest version of the 737 yet. The Max is the fastest-selling plane in company history and the Chicago-based company delivered the first of its upgraded 737 to Malindo Airways last month. China Aircraft Leasing, which has a fleet of 87 aircraft, handed Airbus SE a $10 billion order in 2014 for its single- aisle A320 planes. The Hong Kong-traded lessor and regional rivals are all ramping up their fleet as air travel gains momentum across China, India and Southeast Asia. Last year, the lessor also placed a $2.3 billion order for 60 ARJ21 regional jets from the Commercial Aircraft Corp. of China Ltd. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-15/boeing-wins-5-8-billion-jet-order-from-china-aircraft-leasing Back to Top Safeskies 2017 Conference The thirteenth biennial Safeskies aviation safety conference, Safeskies 2017, will be held from October 3 to 5, at the National Convention Centre, Canberra, Australia. Visit www.SafeskiesAustralia.org for details of program and registration. Back to Top Graduate Research Survey Request Dear Participants, I am writing to you in connection with my final thesis that is part of a masters degree Air Transport Management at City University London (School of Engineering and Mathematical Studies). The topic of the thesis is "Flight Crew Engagement". I am asking pilots to take part in a survey (10 minutes only). The general definition of engagement taken into account for this study evolves around the state of mind we have in our jobs as pilots; in other words, the amount of energy we feel we can put into, how dedicated we are to it and finally how much capacity we have to absorb and take into account all the different facets and frustrations of our day to day job. The way a company deals with staff in general (company DNA) and the pilot population in particular, influences (positive and negative) this engagement level and thus our daily lives and the company performance. The main aim of the study is to define engagement in the context of our job as pilots. The key results of this definition should clearly specify what drives pilots to be engaged. Where I understand that FRMS has to focus on sleep and work patterns; the energy that we as pilots can bring to the job, does not just depend on how much we sleep but also very much on our state of mind. Finally, the airline industry has been sub-marginal for the last 25 years and will remain so for the coming decades. The airlines that can ultimately survive will be the ones that can pull all of the business levers, instead of only one, such as only cost side improvements, only government subsidies or only cheap fuel. Flight Crew Engagement is something I am exploring in this thesis, which I hope will be of benefit to us all and give airlines another tool to holistically optimise the business model. For this study I am soliciting your help: validating assumptions and conclusions are an integral part of an academic study. This validation is done by means of a survey, determining exactly what the perceptions and engagement levels are of Pilots. This survey is completely anonymous (has been approved by the ethics commission of City University London) and confidential. Following is the link. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pilotsengagementS Best regards, Hendrik van Griethuysen Curt Lewis