Flight Safety Information July 27, 2018 - No. 151 In This Issue EAA AirVenture 2018: Key events on Friday, July 27 Incident: Thomas Cook A321 near Glasgow on Jul 25th 2018, suspected tyre damage Incident: Canada Rouge A319 near Saskatoon on Jul 19th 2018, loss of cabin pressure Incident: Iberia A320 at Madrid on Jul 3rd 2018, fumes and smoke in cockpit EVAS - Cockpit Smoke Protection Incident: Delta MD88 at Nashville on Jul 25th 2018, engine distributes debris over neighbourhood Beechcraft 58 Baron Fatal Accident (Paraguay) Alarm triggers Chennai-bound Jet flight to descend 200 feet after takeoff (India) Crews clean up after plane skids off Bob Sikes Airport runway United Airlines flight forced to return to Newark after emergency LIBIK Fire Suppression Kits for the Cabin and Flight Deck. Senate Confirms Two New NTSB Board Members Inspections Reveal More Flaws in Jet Engines Linked to Fatality NTSB Cites Spatial Disorientation In CJ4 Crash Sri Lanka...tops at ICAO audit in civil aviation safety FAA hits 100K Remote Pilot Certificates issued NTSB Forum Looks Into Loss of Control In Flight Aviation Service Providers Bring Passenger Connectivity to the Sky with Iridium NEXT Satellite Launch Republic Airline Training Program Fleet Chooses Diamond Aircraft Malaysia Airlines short on pilots as demand soars, says CEO Will Airline Pilots Eventually Be Phased Out? Virgin Galactic's third supersonic test flight hits Mach 2.4 and 170,000 feet NASA Will Announce Commercial Crew Astronaut Picks 2018 DFW ISASI Chapter Dinner Aircraft Crash Survival Investigation Course upcoming in October 2018 NTAS conference What's on Your Runway? ISASI 2018 2018 CHC SAFETY & QUALITY SUMMIT October 2nd - 4th, 2018 PROVIDING ASSURANCE IN YOUR SYSTEMS GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY - 1 EAA AirVenture 2018: Key events on Friday, July 27 Three F-86A in flight F-86A in three-ship formation (Photo credit: Scott Slocum) OSHKOSH, Wis. (WBAY) - Friday features AirVenture's annual salute to veterans from every branch of the service, including an Honor Flight and parade. Here are some highlights curated by WBAY staff from the complete EAA AirVenture schedule of events (click here). Events may be subject to the weather and limited participation (such as ticketed activities). 6:30 a.m. - 6:45 a.m. - Old Glory Honor Flight Departure at Wittman Regional Airport Old Glory Honor Flight continues an annual tradition and takes veterans to Washington, DC, for a whirlwind, one-day tour of the war memorials 7:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. - Powered Parachutes on the Ultralight Runway Powered-parachute pilots take advantage of the morning air. Grab a camera for this colorful photo opportunity. 7:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. - Warbird Area Tram Tour in Warbird Alley Learn about the Warbird adventures in a 45-minute narrated tour. Trams leave from the north side of taxiway Papa, just south of Warbirds in Review. Note that these hours are different from the first few days of AirVenture 2018. 8:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. - A 5-minute Walk Around of a Fabric Piper at the Vintage Hangar You may wonder, why does a 5-minute walk around take an hour? "The Cub Doctor" Clyde Smith's safety walk covers the large and small details of any aircraft pre-flight inspection to make sure your aircraft is safe every time. Bring your questions! 8:30 a.m. - 9:45 a.m. - The Marianas: Home of the B-29s Tinian in the Northern Mariana Islands harbored more B-29s than anywhere in the world. From here, the U.S. launched daily bombing runs to Japanese-held areas, including the atomic bombs. Presented by Norm Reynolds. 8:30 a.m. - 9:45 a.m. - Introduction to Powered Paragliding in the Ultralight Forums Tent Why look out the window of a plane when you can strap a fan on your back and fly beneath the wing of a paraglider? Presented by Scott Baxter of Midwest Parajet to show you how it's done. 9 a.m. - 10 a.m. - Utilization of Drones in NTSB Investigations at the Vintage Hangar The National Transportation Safety Board is now using drones to get a bird's-eye view of accident scenes, model wreckage and terrain, and get into areas to hazardous to tread. Learn how this new view will help make aviation safer. Presented by NTSB senior accident investigator Bill English. (He also presents Drones in Accident Investigations at 10 a.m. at Forum stage 5.) 9 a.m. - 10 a.m. - Doolittle Raider Dick Cole at the AirVenture Welcome Center Dick Cole talks about his experiences in World War II and previews his new movie. Cole also has appearances at 1 p.m. in the Skyscape Theater and 2:15 p.m. at the EAA Aviation Museum. 9 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. - Ultralights and Light Planes at the Ultralight Runway Why wait for the afternoon airshow? See what the colorful ultralights and light planes are capable of. 9:45 a.m. - 10:15 a.m. - Plane Talk: KC-135 in the Boeing Plaza An in-depth discussion about the famous Stratotanker, refueling America's and Allies' aircraft in midflight for over 60 years. 10 a.m. - 11 a.m. - Warbirds in Review: F-86F Sabre and MiG 17 in Warbird Alley 1950s era U.S. and Russian jet fighters make an appearance courtesy of LaVerne H. Griffin and the Warbird Heritage Foundation Museum and Jeff Kaney. 10 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. - Lighter than Air in the Great War in the Hilton Theater As AirVenture marks the centennial of World War I's end, see how commanders used balloons, blimps and dirigibles in combat when it was still the War to End All Wars. Presented by historian Kip Langenau of Kip Motor Company, which specializes in restoring vintage aircraft. 10 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. - Young Eagles School Programs in the Blue Barn Young Eagles coordinator Mike Reynolds talks about integrating the Young Eagles program into schools, to introduce more children to the excitement of aviation. 10 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. - Earning You Wanted to Know About Learning to Fly (But Were Afraid to Ask) at Forum stage 11 Feel like your head's in the clouds at AirVenture but your life is stuck on the ground? Peggy Chabrian, a flight instructor for over 30 years, gives a humorous presentation debunking myths and brushing aside fears about getting your pilot certificate, along with some money-saving tips. 10 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. - LadiesLoveTaildraggers 'Gumption at Forum stage 4 For people who are passionate about flying planes with a tiny wheel on the back. Meet four "Gals with Gumption" in a lively discussion about "what the magic of Gumption can do for you." Meet like-minded pilots and learn about the LadiesLoveTaildraggers "Fall Haunted Flying Tour." 11:00 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. - Air Show Performer Autographs: Patty Wagstaff Meet National Aviation Hall of Famer Peggy Wagstaff, the first woman to win the U.S. National Aerobatic Champion in 1991 -- and again in 1992 and 1993. 11:30 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. - Final Flight, Final Fight at Forum stage 4 When World War II WASP Elaine Harmon died in 2015 and the Army refused to place her remains at Arlington National Cemetery, that didn't fly with Harmon's granddaughter, Erin Miller. Miller talks about her grassroots media and Congressional lobbying campaign to get recognition for WASPs at Arlington. 11:30 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. - Shooting and Editing Flying Videos at the Ultralight Forums Tent Because it's a waste leaving that dazzling view of the scenery on your computer. Presented by ultralight award winner and self-described tinkerer Les Homan. 12:00 p.m. - 12:30 p.m. - Air Show Performer Autographs: Paradigm Aerobatics Before they drop in on another airshow, meet these powered-parachuting aerobats. And ask them where founder Eric Farewell got the idea for the "three-ring circus in the air" five years ago. 1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. - Warbirds in Review Veterans Tribute for All Services A tribute to veterans of all U.S. military branches. 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. - Remembering the USS Indianapolis in the Vette Theater After dropping off a secret cargo in the Marianas that would bring an end to World War II, the USS Indianapolis was sunk by a Japanese submarine. But that was only the beginning of the terror and tragedy for the crew of 1,197, the U.S. Navy's largest single disaster at sea. This presentation also looks at the controversy over the Navy's handling of the disaster and the fate of the surviving captain. 12:00 p.m. - 12:45 p.m. - International Visitors Parade at the International Visitors Tent The parade runs from the International Visitors Tent to the Communications Center. Each year, AirVenture expects 2,000 to 2,500 visitors from 60 to 70 countries. 1:30 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. - Salute to Veterans Parade in Warbird Alley Every veteran attending AirVenture is invited to line up with their service branch. The parade starts at Warbird Alley, follows the flightline, and ends with a special welcome at Boeing Plaza that kicks off the airshow. Veterans are encouraged to be part of a group photo at Boeing Plaza at 2:30 even if they didn't join the parade. 2:30 p.m. - 6 p.m. - Friday Air Show A day-long salute to veterans continues with scheduled performances featuring the Patriot Parachute Team; Aeroshell Aerobatic Team in T-6 Texans; Trojan Thunder in T-28 Trojans; Patty Wagstaff in her Extra 300LX; the Red Bull Air Force with planes, a helicopter and wingsuits; the FLS Microjet; Skip Stewart in Prometheus 2; Gene Soucy in a Grumman Showcat; Geico Skytypers; and a US Air Force KC-135 and F-16 flyover 4:00 p.m. - 5:15 p.m. - Film: "Heroes on Deck: WWII on Lake Michigan" in Skyscape Theater There are some 120 aircraft sunk in Lake Michigan. This one-hour documentary looks at the U.S. Navy's carrier pilot training program on the Great Lake. Presented by Emmy-winning filmmaker John Davies. Between 6:00 p.m. and 10 p.m. - Old Glory Honor Flight Arrival at Boeing Plaza Welcome our veterans home as they return from a whirlwind, one-day trip to our nation's war memorials in Washington, DC. 7:00 - 8:15 p.m. (party until 10:00) - Ultralight and Light Plane Awards in the Ultralight Barn EAA recognizes members in the many, many fields of aviation. Tonight recognizes outstanding accomplishments and achievements in ultralight and light-sport aircraft. Awards ceremony is followed by a party in the ultralight barn until 10 p.m. 8:00 p.m. - 10 p.m. - Imagination in Aviation: A Salute to Homebuilding in theater in the Woods A panel discussion covering the past half century in homebuilt flying machines. Meet R/C YouTuber Peter Sripol, who expanded his interests into ultralights; Bally Bomber designer Jack Bally and test pilot Richard Kosi to discuss their one-third scale B-17G; Wasabi Air Racing founder Elliot Seguin; and Dick VanGrunsven, whose company is responsible for the most popular homebuilts of all time starting with the RV-1 prototype in the 1960s. 8:00 p.m. - 8:30 p.m. - Evening World War I Flying at the flightline 2018 marks 100 years since the end of World War I, but love and care has kept these vintage aircraft flying. 8:30 p.m. - 10:45 p.m. - Film: "The Great Waldo Pepper" at the Airbus Fly-in Theater Robert Redford plays a disgruntled pilot who feels he missed his chance for glory in World War I and wants to find it in barnstorming and a career in the movies. Filmed in 1975 without computers, harnesses or parachutes. http://www.wbay.com/content/news/EAA-AirVenture-2018-Key-events-on-Friday-July-27-489295581.html Back to Top Incident: Thomas Cook A321 near Glasgow on Jul 25th 2018, suspected tyre damage A Thomas Cook Airbus A321-200, registration G-TCVC performing flight MT-1591 from Ibiza,SP (Spain) to Glasgow,SC (UK), was descending towards Glasgow when the crew advised ATC of a possibly blown tyre. The aircraft continued for a safe landing on Glasgow's runway 23. The airline reported that there had been no issue, the aircraft continued its schedule. The occurrence aircraft remained on the ground in Glasgow for about 2 hours, then departed for the next flight. http://avherald.com/h?article=4bb9b07c&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Canada Rouge A319 near Saskatoon on Jul 19th 2018, loss of cabin pressure An Air Canada Rouge Airbus A319-100, registration C-GARO performing flight RV-1692 from Calgary,AB to Halifax,NS (Canada) with 132 people on board, had just levelled off at cruise FL350 when the crew initiated an emergency descent due to the loss of cabin pressure. The aircraft diverted to Saskatoon,SK (Canada) for a safe landing. The Canadian TSB reported the passenger oxygen masks were not released. The right hand engine (CFM56) bleed air pressurization regulator valve was replaced by maintenance. https://flightaware.com/live/flight/ROU1692/history/20180719/1340Z/CYYC/CYHZ http://avherald.com/h?article=4bb9aca9&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Iberia A320 at Madrid on Jul 3rd 2018, fumes and smoke in cockpit An Iberia Airbus A320-200, registration EC-JFN performing flight IB-3214 from Madrid,SP (Spain) to Brussels (Belgium), was climbing out of Madrid's runway 14R when at about 3500 feet MSL the crew noticed a strong burning odour in the cockpit and subsequently noticed smoke emanating from the air conditioning vents. The crew stopped the climb at FL070, donned their oxygen masks and returned to Madrid for a safe landing on runway 18R about 16 minutes after departure. At the time of touch down the smoke had almost completely dissipated. There were no injuries. Spain's CIAIAC reported on Jul 26th 2018, that maintenance inspected the aircraft and found an obvious loss of hydraulic fluid from one of the engines (CFM56). The occurrence is being investigated by the CIAIAC. http://avherald.com/h?article=4bb9a91d&opt=0 Back to Top Back to Top Incident: Delta MD88 at Nashville on Jul 25th 2018, engine distributes debris over neighbourhood A Delta Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-88, registration N957DL performing flight DL-2599 from Nashville,TN to Atlanta,GA (USA) with 156 people on board, was in the initial climb out of Nashville's runway 31 when the crew reported they had just lost the #2 engine (JT8D) and declared emergency advising they were able to fly a pattern to runway 31. The aircraft levelled off at 2500 feet and landed safely on runway 31 about 11 minutes after departure. The FAA reported: "DAL2599 DEPARTED KBNA RWY31 FOR ATL AND REPORTED LOSS OFF RIGHT ENGINE SHORTLY AFTER TAKEOFF. AIRCRAFT RETURNED TO KBNA, LANDED RWY 31. ENGINGE PARTS WERE FOUND IN NEARBY NEIGHBORHOOD." https://flightaware.com/live/flight/DAL2599/history/20180725/2115Z/KBNA/KATL Engine debris collected on the ground: http://avherald.com/h?article=4bb98e8b&opt=0 Back to Top Beechcraft 58 Baron Fatal Accident (Paraguay) Date: 25-JUL-2018 Time: 18:30 LT Type: Beechcraft 58 Baron Owner/operator: Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) Registration: ZP-BEU C/n / msn: TH-1796 Fatalities: Fatalities: 4 / Occupants: 4 Other fatalities: 0 Aircraft damage: Written off (damaged beyond repair) Location: near Juan de Ayolas Airport (SGAY), Misiones - Paraguay Phase: Initial climb Nature: Domestic Non Scheduled Passenger Departure airport: Juan de Ayolas (AYO/SGAY) Destination airport: Silvio Pettirossi Int'l (ASU/SGAS) Narrative: The aircraft with a pilot and three passengers, one of them being Minister of Agriculture & Livestock and the other two officials, went missing shortly after a nightime take off from runway 02. Search operations were conducted in marshland north of the airfield. The wreckage of the plane was found, completely destroyed. There were no survivors. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=213645 Back to Top Alarm triggers Chennai-bound Jet flight to descend 200 feet after takeoff (India) According to an official of DGCA, the Jet Airways flight descended from 2,200 feet to 2,000 feet and continued its journey thereafter. A Jet Airways plane parked at New Delhi's IGI airport A Jet Airways Delhi-Chennai plane had to descend 200 feet after take off from Delhi airport on Tuesday after an automatically generated alarm in the cockpit warned the pilots about the presence of traffic nearby. The incident comes days after two IndiGo aircraft averted a near-collision in Bangalore airspace after a similar alarm. In Tuesday's incident, however, it was not clear what caused the alarm as there was no traffic near the Jet Airways aircraft. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has initiated a probe to investigate what triggered the TCAS alarm. TCAS or traffic collision avoidance system monitors the airspace around a plane for other aircraft equipped with corresponding active transponders and gives pilots warning of possible collision risks. "The crew of Jet Airways flight 9W 759 from Delhi to Chennai of July 24, 2018, executed a safety manoeuvre as per the guidance of the on-board Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), which was triggered post the flight's take off from Delhi," confirmed a spokesperson of Jet airways. According to an official of DGCA, the Jet Airways flight descended from 2,200 feet to 2,000 feet and continued its journey thereafter. "In the absence of traffic and in line with the instructions of the ATC, the B737 aircraft with 156 passengers and 7 crew members continued its journey, landing safely at Chennai. Jet Airways will follow the regulatory obligations and extend full support as always. Safety of guests, crew and assets is of paramount importance at Jet Airways," the spokesperson added. Another DGCA official said that such TCAS-RA is not common and detailed investigation will reveal the object due to which alarm was triggered. "Sometimes while aircraft is taking off at a busy airport, such alert is generated due to its proximity to another aircraft on ground. DGCA's investigation will find out whether another aircraft did not report a similar alarm deliberately or some technical error caused the alarm," said the official. According to DGCA, the pilot has to respond immediately to the warning by disengaging the auto pilot and commencing a climb/ descent manoeuvre as called for. "They should not let visual sighting reverse the TCAS instructions. If pilots simultaneously receive conflicting instructions from ATC and TCAS, then the pilots should follow the TCAS instruction," the DGCA official said. https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/chennai-bound-jet-flight-descends-200-feet-after-takeoff-from-igi-following-alarm/story-pP6VSRS0K1a2aCMlYZjtfN.html Back to Top Crews clean up after plane skids off Bob Sikes Airport runway OKALOOSA COUNTY, Fla. (WJHG/WECP) - Okaloosa County officials say no one was hurt when a small plane skidded off the Bob Sikes Airport Runway. They say an Aero Commander-560 twin engine aircraft attempted to land at the airport but its landing gear was damaged, causing it to skid off the runway. We're told crews are working to remove the damaged aircraft from the airfield. The runway will remained closed until the plane is moved and inspections are finished. The North Okaloosa Fire District, airport staff, EMS and the Okaloosa County Sheriff's Office-Airport Security Unit and the Fixed Base Operator-Emerald Coast Aviation responded to the incident. http://www.wjhg.com/content/news/Crews-clean-up-after-plane-skids-off-Bob-SIkes-Airport-runway-489261881.html Back to Top United Airlines flight forced to return to Newark after emergency A United Airlines flight was forced to return to Newark Liberty International Airport shortly after takeoff Thursday after the crew declared an emergency over a flight control problem, officials said. United flight 1990, a Boeing 737, landed safely around 7:25 p.m., according to the Federal Aviation Administration. The aircraft was bound for Minneapolis when the problem was reported. In a statement, United Airlines said a "maintenance issue" prompted the crew to return to Newark airport. There were 154 passengers and six crew members on the plane. "The flight landed safely and we are providing a different aircraft to get customers to Minneapolis later this evening," the airline said. The plane took off from Newark airport around 7 p.m., according to data posted by FlightAware.com. The FAA said it would investigate the incident. A Port Authority spokesman said the plane landed without incident. There were no reported injuries. https://www.nj.com/essex/index.ssf/2018/07/united_airlines_flight_forced_to_return_to_newark_after_emergency.html Back to Top Back to Top Senate Confirms Two New NTSB Board Members • NTSB Board now back to full staff of five. Bruce Landsberg is an active general aviation pilot. The Senate Tuesday night confirmed two nominees to the National Transportation Safety Board, a vote that now brings the Board back to full strength with five members. Bruce Landsberg, a Republican, was confirmed to fill the slot of vice chairman Christopher A. Hart, a term that runs until December 31, 2022. President Donald Trump first nominated Landsberg in late September 2017. Like the current NTSB Chairman Robert L Sumwalt, Landsberg is a South Carolina native. Bruce Landsberg is the former executive director of the AOPA Foundation, where he served from May 1992 until May 2010. He also served as president of the AOPA Foundation and the Air Safety Institute between May 2010 and December 2014. Landsberg was associate editor of Flying magazine between February 1980 and March 1981. Also confirmed was Jennifer Homendy, a Democrat from Virginia. Homendy's was nominated by the President in April 2018 for a term that runs until December 31, 2019. She served as Democratic Staff Director of the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, U.S. House of Representatives, a position she has held since 2004. Homendy advises members of Congress on legislation involving railroads, the safety of oil and natural gas pipelines, and the transportation of hazardous materials. She also worked for the Transportation Trades Department, AFL-CIO, the American Iron and Steel Institute, and the National Federation of Independent Business. https://www.flyingmag.com/senate-confirms-two-new-ntsb-board-members Back to Top Inspections Reveal More Flaws in Jet Engines Linked to Fatality By Alan Levin and Mary Schlangenstein • Manufacturer moving to increase inspections of fan blades • Southwest Airlines has already stepped up blade checks Flaws in jet engine fan blades like one that cracked and broke loose in April, killing a Southwest Airlines Co. passenger, have been discovered on planes operated by several carriers, and the manufacturer is moving to further tighten inspections. General Electric Co., part of a venture that makes the engines, found a cracked blade during post-accident inspections of another Southwest plane, and spotted four or five more in those of other airlines, Southwest Chief Operating Officer Michael Van de Ven said Thursday on a conference call to discuss earnings. "We expect to formalize the interval in a new service bulletin that will be issued in coming days," GE spokesman Perry Bradley said in a statement. Service bulletins are non-binding recommendations on maintenance, but are almost always made mandatory by aviation regulators. Southwest has already cut the inspection interval for older engines almost in half, from 3,000 flights to 1,600, Chief Executive Officer Gary Kelly said in an interview. Compliance Time The Federal Aviation Administration said in a statement that it's working with airlines and the engine maker. "As we receive more inspection results we may adjust the compliance time accordingly," the agency said. After the April 17 incident, in which a cracked blade broke off and sent debris into a window on a Southwest flight, the FAA issued a series of orders for carriers to look for cracks on all older CFM56-7B engines. The agency first required inspections on those with more than 30,000 flights, then lowered it to 20,000 flights. After that milestone, engines have to be inspected within 3,000 flights, the agency ordered in May. The engine is made by CFM International Inc., a joint venture between General Electric Co. and France's Safran SA. GE determined that more frequent lubrication of the blades potentially could help avoid damage, Van de Ven said. The tighter inspection process shouldn't cause any airline disruptions, GE's Bradley said. Almost all of the 14,500 CFM56-7B engines in service around the world have received their initial inspections and were cleared, he said. GE couldn't comment in greater detail because the failure's under investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board, he said. He wouldn't confirm the number of cracks found on other blades, saying only "there have been a handful of findings as a result of the inspections." High Priority The NTSB said Tuesday that it will hold an investigative hearing on the engine's failure, a signal the agency is giving the incident a high priority. The Nov. 14 session will focus on the fan blades' design and development, how that engine model is inspected, and the way debris is supposed to be contained in a failure, the NTSB said in a statement. Jet engines are encased in hardened shells so that if fan blades or other components break loose, they won't fly out and hit such critical areas as fuel tanks or passenger compartments. In the April 17 incident, the fan blade bounced in front of the protective sheath, the NTSB has said. It then broke apart the unprotected engine inlet, a wing-like structure that smooths the air flow into the turbine. Parts of the inlet showered the plane with debris. One window was struck so hard that it broke, prompting a violent decompression of the cabin and partially sucking a woman passenger out of the plane. It was the first passenger death on a U.S. carrier in more than nine years. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-26/southwest-boosts-inspections-of-engine-involved-in-fatal-failure Back to Top NTSB Cites Spatial Disorientation In CJ4 Crash An inexperienced pilot flying on a dark night probably thought the Cessna 525's autopilot was engaged, but it wasn't, the NTSB has concluded in its final report on last year's fatal crash in Lake Erie. The pilot had logged a total of 56.5 hours in Cessna 525 jets, with 8.7 hours as pilot in command, including his flight test. It's likely the pilot attempted to engage the autopilot after takeoff, as he had been trained, the safety board said; however, based on the flight profile, the autopilot was not engaged. "This implied that the pilot failed to confirm autopilot engagement via an indication on the primary flight display," according to the final report. "Inadequate flight instrument scanning during this time of elevated workload resulted in the pilot allowing the airplane to climb through the assigned altitude, to develop an overly steep bank angle, to continue through the assigned heading, and to ultimately enter a rapid descent without effective corrective action. A belief that the autopilot was engaged may have contributed to his lack of attention." The jet's climb rate exceeded 6,000 FPM during the initial climb, the NTSB said, and it flew past the assigned altitude of 2,000 feet MSL. The flight director provided alerts before the airplane reached the assigned altitude and again after it had passed through it. The bank angle increased to about 62 degrees and the pitch attitude decreased to about 15 degrees nose down, as the airplane continued through the assigned heading. The bank angle ultimately decreased to about 25 degrees. During the subsequent descent, the airspeed and descent rate reached about 300 knots and 6,000 FPM. The enhanced ground proximity warning system provided both "bank angle" and "sink rate" alerts to the pilot, followed by seven "pull up" warnings. The NTSB said its examination of the recovered wreckage did not reveal any anomalies consistent with a pre-impact failure or malfunction, and concluded that pilot spatial disorientation was the probable cause of the crash. "Contributing to the accident was pilot fatigue, mode confusion related to the status of the autopilot, and negative learning transfer due to flight guidance panel and attitude indicator differences from the pilot's previous flight experience," the board concluded. The pilot, John T. Fleming, died in the crash, along with his wife and two sons, and a neighbor and his daughter. The group was returning to Columbus, Ohio, after attending a Cleveland Cavaliers basketball game. https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/NTSB-Cites-Spatial-Disorientation-In-CJ4-Crash-231265-1.html Back to Top Sri Lanka tops at ICAO audit in civil aviation safety An audit conducted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the Sri Lanka Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) had revealed that Sri Lanka ranked first in civil aviation safety, Civil Aviation and Transport Minister Nimal Siripala de Silva said yesterday. He said a team of six ICAO auditors had conducted the audit in Sri Lanka from June 4 - 14 in relation to the handling of six subject areas of Aviation Legislation, Organizational Arrangements, Personnel Licensing, Aircraft operations, Airworthiness, and Air Navigation Services. The Minister revealed this at an event held at the authority to inform about the victory to all section in Sri Lanka's Civil Aviation field. He said though the International Civil Aviation Service in the country is at a high level, internal civil aviation service in the country is still at a slow rate of operation. "Our ministry had done a lot of development to expand the internal civil aviation service in the country. Expansion of the Ratmalana airport, Batticaloa airport development and open for civil aviation service had been carried out in this year," he said. During the event, CAASL Director General H.M. Nimalasiri handed over the International Civil Aviation Service Organization report to the minister. http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/SL-tops-at-ICAO-audit-in-civil-aviation-safety-153243.html Back to Top FAA hits 100K Remote Pilot Certificates issued FAA Remote Pilot Certificate Drones have really taken off! As of today, more than 100,000 enthusiasts have obtained a Remote Pilot Certificate to fly a drone for commercial and recreational (not qualifying as "model aircraft") use since the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) small drone rule went into effect on August 29, 2016. Under Part 107, the person actually flying a drone - formally an "unmanned aircraft system" (UAS) - must have a Remote Pilot Certificate, or be directly supervised by someone with such a certificate. The majority of drone pilots get certified by studying online materials (PDF) and then passing an initial aeronautical knowledge test at an FAA approved knowledge testing center (PDF). You should have no trouble if you study - the exam success rate is 92 percent. If you already have a Part 61 pilot certificate, and have completed a flight review in the previous 24 months, you have the option to take a small UAS online training course provided by the FAA to obtain your certificate. It's important to remember that a Remote Pilot Certificate is valid for two years from the date of issue. Anyone who earned their certificate at the end of August or in September 2016 should review the certification renewal requirements and prepare to take recurrent training or testing. You can find all the information you need to renew your certificate on FAA website. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation. These include the construction and operation of airports, air traffic management, the certification of personnel and aircraft, and the protection of U.S. assets during the launch or re-entry of commercial space vehicles. The FAA's roles include: Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates Regulating civil aviation to promote transportation safety in the United States, especially through local offices called Flight Standards District Offices Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation The FAA is divided into four "lines of business" (LOB). Each LOB has a specific role within the FAA. Airports (ARP): plans and develops projects involving airports, overseeing their construction and operations. Ensures compliance with federal regulations. Air Traffic Organization (ATO): primary duty is to safely and efficiently move air traffic within the National Airspace System. ATO employees manage air traffic facilities including Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) and Terminal Radar Approach Control Facilities (TRACONs). Aviation Safety (AVS): Responsible for aeronautical certification of personnel and aircraft, including pilots, airlines, and mechanics. Commercial Space Transportation (AST): ensures protection of U.S. assets during the launch or reentry of commercial space vehicles. https://www.eturbonews.com/229078/faa-hits-100k-remote-pilot-certificates-issued Back to Top NTSB Forum Looks Into Loss of Control In Flight • Patty Wagstaff suggests additional training as an answer. Patty Wagstaff asked questions and offered solutions to LOCI accidents. The National Transportation Safety Board held its first ever road show event yesterday at AirVenture with an entire day focused on loss of control, an industry epidemic that claims more lives than any other single cause. NTSB chairman Robert Sumwalt, a retired airline pilot, emphasized the importance of solving this nagging problem during his opening remarks by wondering how many people have lost their lives in the year since the NTSB last attended AirVenture. "Too many I think, which is why we're here today." It's also the reason LOCI is still sits high on the NTSB's Most Wanted List of Safety Issues. Sumwalt handed the microphone to legendary aerobatic pilot Patty Wagstaff who said, "While loss of control numbers is not increasing, they're not going away either," adding that technology, ATC, weather reporting, digital flight controls and other new systems have created a much-improved safety record. "With all of this technology why are pilots flying in the best ATC system in the world, having trouble controlling their aircraft outside the normal flight envelope," she asked. "LOCI proceeded by a stall accounts for more fatal accidents across the board. Between 2008-2016 there were 1000 fatal accidents in GA. Last year 86 accidents occurred with 140 fatalities. This keeps happening because pilots are exceeding the critical angle of attack on their airplane." She said the startle factor that accompanies an unintended stall is also partially responsible for some of the slow reaction times of some pilots. Wagstaff asked the audience to consider the safety statistics of military pilots. "Their record during upsets is much better than GA's because those pilots train for it. I don't think it's a mystery. We are seeing increasing reliance on technology that does nothing for our stick and rudder skills." While upsets and unusual attitudes might simply be new terms for old mistakes, Wagstaff said, "I don't think these are actual mistakes. I don't think this problem is about pilot error, but rather a training system error. You can't blame the pilots of Air France 447 or Continental 3407 for not knowing what they didn't know. These pilots were simply products of the system." Part 121 airlines will soon be required to integrate UPRT into their training programs, but all that extra time will be in a simulator. "That training doesn't make your heart pound or give you sweaty hands," Wagstaff said. "There are companies out there requiring pilots to take aerobatic or UPRT. It's the right thing to do. We can fix this problem ... and we don't need more regulations either. Find a local source and take the training." Before leaving the stage at EAA Forum 7, Wagstaff posed a question to the audience. If you were a passenger on board an airliner, "Would you rather fly with a 500-hour pilot who possessed good stick and rudder skills, had taken aerobatic training in stalls, spins and recovery from unusual attitudes, or a 10,000-hour pilot who never taken any of that training and admitted to being uncomfortable venturing anywhere outside the airplane's normal flight envelope?" https://www.flyingmag.com/ntsb-forum-looks-into-loss-control-inflight Back to Top Aviation Service Providers Bring Passenger Connectivity to the Sky with Iridium NEXT Satellite Launch More and more operators are looking to increase the operational efficiency of their fleets, which is creating an increased demand for in-flight connectivity bandwidth. New data rich aircraft and existing connected aircraft continue to become active nodes on the operator's network spotty connections and failure to deliver seamless connectivity will have an increasingly limiting effect on efficient operations. This is why the launch of Iridium's NEXT satellite constellation is exciting for the aviation community. The second-generation satellite connectivity allows for higher speed and more seamless access to data in flight. Iridium is replacing its existing constellation by sending 75 Iridium NEXT satellites into space on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket over eight different launches. The seventh launch took place July 25th carrying the latest set of 10 NEXT satellites. Now with this launch, there are 65 Iridium NEXT satellites in space, leaving only one more launches - and 10 satellites - remaining before the constellation is complete. The $3 billion constellation powers an advanced new multi-service platform, Iridium Certus. The platform delivers global coverage, even over polar regions where Ku- and Ka- band satellite communications typically lack coverage, and eventually will reach a range of speed up to 1.4 Mbps for enterprise-grade services. Within the aviation industry, Rockwell Collins, Honeywell Aerospace, SKYTRAC, Avitek and Navicom Aviation will be the first Iridium Certus service providers to leverage this platform, providing a high-level of satellite connectivity to customers. "Ideal for commercial airliner flight deck communications, rotorcraft and both flight deck and cabin business jet connectivity, Iridium Certus will soon offer the industry's fastest L-Band speeds," according to the company's announcement. "This will be delivered through small form factor, cost-effective antennas with the same reliable pole-to-pole coverage only provided by the Iridium® network." In addition to being a VAR, Rockwell Collins is also a value added manufacturer for the production of Iridium Certus broadband terminals. Under that agreement, the company designs and manufacturers the terminals, which enable users to leverage Iridium Certus, the voice and data service enabled by the Iridium NEXT satellite constellation. In the company's latest announcement of the Iridium relationship, Rockwell Collins' Michael DiGeorge, vice president of Commercial Aviation Services said that Iridium Certus will be an important new layer of services for meeting connectivity needs for aviation operators. "For our ARINCDirect business aviation operators, Iridium Certus offers small form factor antennas and terminals which are ideal for operators of smaller aircraft requiring internet connectivity. For our airline and government customers, the Iridium Certus service enables a variety of capabilities for cockpit safety, enhanced aircraft reporting, graphical weather, EFBs and other operational aircraft services." The relationship between Rockwell Collins and Iridium has spanned more than a decade and began with the advent of Iridium aviation service offerings. https://connectedaviationtoday.com/passenger-connectivity-iridium-next-satellite-launch/#.W1rxddVKiUk Back to Top Republic Airline Training Program Fleet Chooses Diamond Aircraft • Order represents the largest training aircraft order in U.S. airline history. Republic chooses Diamond aircraft that burn jet fuel. Diamond Aircraft's new DA40NG and DA42-VI, both of which burn jet fuel rather than avgas, have been chosen by Republic Airline as the new fleet training aircraft for the airline's new Leadership In Flight Training program, according to a Diamond Aircraft news release. Republic ordered 50 DA40s and DA42s (along with Diamond Flight Simulation Devices) in the largest order in history for piston training aircraft by a U.S. based airline. Deliveries of the aircraft will begin this year, with the majority of deliveries taking place in 2019. Republic Airline launched the LIFT program in May in response to the increasing pilot shortage. LIFT Academy, based at Indianapolis International Airport, provides students with a guaranteed path to fly for the airline. Republic is currently the only regional airline offering a training program specifically crafted to offer a direct-to-hire path for flight students. "We commend Republic Airways on their industry-leading vision with respect to training the next generation of airline pilots" said Scott McFadzean, Chief Executive Officer of Diamond Aircraft Industries Inc. "Republic Airways is proactively responding to the global pilot shortage by creating a world class direct-to-hire training institution, which will not only utilize the most modern piston training aircraft technology available, but will also take advantage of Diamond's operational cost efficiencies, low environmental impact and best safety record in the industry." The DA40NG and DA42-VI are the newest Diamond aircraft and are the first certified general aviation piston aircraft to combine modern technology airframes, avionics, and powerplants. The DA40NG and DA42-VI offer efficient, clean, and reliable jet-fuel piston Austro engines. In addition, the aircraft are equipped with G1000 NXi avionics. "We look forward to building LIFT Academy, leveraging Diamond's industry- leading technology, cost effectiveness, safety and environmental responsibility," said Matt Koscal, Senior Vice President, Republic Airways Holdings. https://www.flyingmag.com/republic-airline-training-program-fleet-chooses-diamond-aircraft Back to Top Malaysia Airlines short on pilots as demand soars, says CEO KUALA LUMPUR, July 26 - Malaysia Airlines has a unique problem: It is doing so well it has run short of pilots. Demand has outstripped supply as there are more passengers and flights, but not enough pilots, and this has put paid to the national carrier's revenue. "We have been showing good traction in 2018 after a weak 2017. Steady improvement has been seen. Yield up 7 per cent from a year ago, Revenue Available Seat per Km (RASK) was up 4 per cent year-on-year (Q1 2018 vs Q1 2017). "New routes like Surabaya and Brisbane were showing good demand with load factors averaging 75 per cent. "We were looking at a slow and steady growth of 3-4 per cent as planned, but then the pilot shortage hit us," its chief executive officer Izham Ismail told Malay Mail. The pilot shortage came about after more flights were scheduled, leaving the airline with very little room for error. A slight delay of 15 minutes due to weather can lead to a two- to three-hour delay for flights at the end of the day. Malaysia Airlines at times did not even have stand-by pilots. This has resulted in frequent flight delays, retiming and even cancellations, giving the impression that the airline's business was bad, when the reverse was true. Izham pointed out there was a worldwide shortage impacting all airlines. It is estimated that there will be a shortage of 250,000 pilots over the next 10 years in Asia Pacific alone. "This problem has been made worse by our growth. Our extra frequencies and up-gauging due to higher demand have put more pressure on the problem. "Pilot shortage has led to loss opportunities. An example is charter contracts we have had to forego and we have had to scale back growth which will impact full year results. "I must acknowledge that there was some fault on our part - some mis-planning in early 2017," said Izham. His predecessors had cut back on the number of pilots that the airline had and slowed down the recruitments of cadets. It has turned out to be good news for the pilots on the payroll. Malaysia Airlines has had to increase their salary a couple of times to prevent them from being poached by other airlines. It takes between 18 and 24 months to train new pilots and Malaysia Airlines has started this process. The airline also acquired new aircraft which adds to the problem. "We also acquired six lease A330-200s - opportunistic leasing at extremely competitive rates. We also got new A350-900s," he said. "Different aircraft types require different sets of pilots who are trained to operate specific fleets." The shortage of pilots who can operate the airline's B737-800s, the dominant aircraft in the fleet, is being exacerbated by the re-training of existing B737-800 pilots to operate the new wide-body aircraft. This includes the A330and the A350. "Proactive steps are being taken to address this issue as quickly as possible which includes merging and upgrading flights to be operated by our wide-body aircraft to help cover gaps caused by the shortage of our B737 pilots." This means that regional routes that were serviced by the smaller B737-800 will see the usage of A330 and even A350 - a boon for passengers. "We have also put in place an extensive pilot training programme, implemented in early 2017, alongside recruitment drives. Pilot training does, however, take time and our new cadet pilots are already starting to gradually come online. "Alongside this, the airline is conducting recruitment drives for new pilots. "We are working hard to deliver sustained profitability in 2019," he said. Izham said Malaysia Airlines would give emphasis to customer satisfaction in its effort to rebuild itself. "Malaysian Hospitality - that is our focus and guiding principle in everything we do, it is all about the customer experience. "We have relaunched our new lounge to reflect Malaysian heritage, introduced new food and revamped website and mobile app. "We are all expediting our digital initiatives to set us apart from the competition. We will be rolling out several innovative apps including MHGuardian, MHFeedback and many more in the pipeline," he added. https://www.malaymail.com/s/1656398/malaysia-airlines-short-on-pilots-as-demand-soars-says-ceo Back to Top Will Airline Pilots Eventually Be Phased Out? Will airplanes eventually not need pilots? Yeah, I'm afraid that automated - pilotless - aircraft are in our future. Personally, given a choice I would never choose to fly in one. Here's one example of why: In July of 1989, United Airliners Flight 232 was en route from Denver's Stapleton to Chicago's O'Hare. The aircraft was a DC-10, the exact aircraft in this picture. A little over an hour into the flight, the engine mounted in the tail suffered an uncontained failure - in essence the turbine exploded and in doing so took out the entire aircraft's hydraulic control system thus rendering the aircraft uncontrollable by normal means. Luckily there were not only the Captain and First Officer in the cockpit but also a Training Check Airman. After the failure, the Captain determined that the aircraft was unresponsive to the pilot's controls as it began an uncommanded roll to the right and the nose began dropping. This should have been the precursor to the aircraft's complete loss of control and almost assuredly the loss of all lives onboard. Note: Airline pilots have Emergency Check Lists for every emergency scenario that can be thought of. Except, of course, this one. Rather that reiterating the details - which are available in the Wikipedia link below - the pilots ultimately tried something they had never been trained for, and used the power on the remaining two engines, including the use of an asymmetric thrust (more power on one side than the other), to control the aircraft onto its final approach at Sioux City Iowa. Ultimately, control was lost in the last few seconds, but only 111 of the 296 passengers and crew were lost, 35 due to smoke inhalation which indicates they survived the crash landing. Let's be clear about something. Since this type of failure had never been experienced in this model of aircraft before, there is a very small likelihood that an automated aircraft without human intervention would have been able to save the aircraft from complete loss of control, not to mention its ultimate miraculous arrival. This tragedy was no worse than it was because there were pilots on board who used their collective experience to regain control of an aircraft that was on the brink of loss of control. No, I like knowing there are living breathing folks sitting up on the fight deck that I can complain about when they hammer a landing. https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/07/26/will-airline-pilots-eventually-be-phased-out/#7182c231431f Back to Top Virgin Galactic's third supersonic test flight hits Mach 2.4 and 170,000 feet Virgin Galactic is celebrating the third successful supersonic test flight of VSS Unity, the passenger spacecraft it intends to make available for space tourism in the near future. This flight took the craft higher and faster than ever, stressing the system and providing useful data for the rocket plane's engineers. Virgin's two-part flight system uses a traditional jet-powered plane, the WhiteKnightTwo-class VMS Eve, to carry the spacecraft up to about 45,000 feet, after which the latter detaches and zooms ahead (and upward) on rocket power. Each of Unity's flights has pushed its specs a bit further: The first one, in April, achieved Mach 1.6 and just over 84,000 feet of altitude. The second, in May, hit Mach 1.9 and reached 114,500 feet. Today's went to Mach 2.47 and got up to 170,800 feet, touching the Earth's mesosphere before gliding down to a soft landing. It's still not nearly to space; the Karman Line, where space "officially" begins, is about twice as high. But at this rate it sure just seems like a matter of time before they get up there. (Max speed was originally reported as Mach 2 but updated in an email from Virgin Galactic.) Importantly, the rocket powering Unity's flight burned this time for 42 seconds, well over the 30 seconds or so it's been fired for until now. These tests necessarily have to advance degree by degree, but going from 30 to 42 is a big jump that the engineers are probably thrilled about. "Having been a U2 pilot and done a lot of high altitude work, or what I thought was high altitude work, the view from 170,000 feet was just totally amazing," said one of the pilots, Mike "Sooch" Masucci, in a Virgin Galactic press release. "The flight was exciting and frankly beautiful. We were able to complete a large number of test points which will give us good insight as we progress to our goal of commercial service." The team is working on analyzing the data from this flight, and of course inspecting and tweaking the spacecraft, and we can probably expect another test flight in the next few months. https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/virgin-galactic-apos-third-supersonic-191844482.html Back to Top NASA Will Announce Commercial Crew Astronaut Picks Renderings of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft (left) and Boeing's Starliner (right) docking with the International Space Station. Credit: NASA Boeing's Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft will soon have their first riders: NASA plans to announce on Aug. 3 the astronauts assigned to the test flights and maiden voyages of the agency's commercial crew program. NASA will air the event live from Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston starting at 11 a.m. EDT (1500 GMT), where NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine will introduce the astronauts. JSC Director Mark Geyer and Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana, as well as representatives from SpaceX and Boeing, will also be involved, NASA officials said in a statement. The program will reveal the astronauts assigned to each of the companies' crewed test flights and their first missions to the space station, which will all launch from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA's Commercial Crew Program will allow Boeing and SpaceX to launch astronauts to the International Space Station. This will provide a pathway to approval for Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, which will launch atop United Launch Alliance's Atlas 5 rocket, and SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft, carried by the company's Falcon 9 rocket. Both Boeing and SpaceX have been testing and developing their spacecraft, and both are currently slated to have their first crewed test flights in 2018. Dragon currently delivers cargo to the International Space Station on robotic resupply runs; the Crew Dragon is a modified version of the capsule. [What's Next for NASA's New Astronaut Class] Russia's Soyuz spacecraft is currently the only spacecraft used to bring astronauts and cosmonauts to the International Space Station, but NASA hasn't committed to buying seats on that spacecraft for the agency's astronauts after 2019. Boeing and SpaceX are set to be a crucial part of NASA's space station program if they can get their crewed craft up and running. Astronauts currently train for the Soyuz, but the newly named crew will be the first of a new generation training to fly and ride in Starliner and Dragon. They will also be the first to launch from U.S. soil to the International Space Station since the final space shuttle flight, in 2011, NASA officials said. "Commercial transportation to and from the space station will enable expanded station use, additional research time and broader opportunities of discovery aboard the orbiting laboratory," NASA officials said in the statement. "The station is critical for NASA to understand and overcome the challenges of long-duration spaceflight, and [it's] necessary for a sustainable presence on the moon and missions deeper into the solar system, including Mars." After the Aug. 3 announcement, the astronauts will take questions on Reddit starting at 12:30 p.m. EDT (1630 GMT) on an Ask Me Anything page, according to NASA. https://www.space.com/41288-nasa-will-announce-commercial-crew-astronauts.html Back to Top Back to Top Back to Top Back to Top FAA ACAC Experts to Address Construction Safety and Signage 25th Annual AAAE/FAA Airfield Safety, Sign Systems and Maintenance Management Workshop August 28-29, 2018 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Robert Berlucchi, Air Traffic Manager, West Palm Beach Air Traffic Control Tower/TRACON, and David Siewert, Air Traffic Manager, JFK Air Traffic Control Tower, of the FAA's Airport Construction Advisory Council (ACAC) will address construction safety and signage during their session "What's on Your Runway," at the 25th Annual AAAE/FAA Airfield Safety, Sign Systems and Maintenance Management Workshop, to be held August 28-29, 2018, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The ACAC is a volunteer group of air traffic managers around the U.S. who help identify potentially dangerous situations during airport construction projects. The ACAC has partnered with runway safety, airport mapping, flight standards, and many other groups to ensure all construction projects run smoothly and safely. Read more about the speakers and register to attend today! Back to Top ISASI 2018 Intercontinental Hotel, Festival City, Dubai. 30 October to 1 November, 2018 "The Future of Aircraft Accident Investigation" ISASI is pleased to announce that the preliminary Technical Program for ISASI 2018 is now posted. It is, of course, subject to change between now and the end of October. All up to date information, including registration forms for the seminar and a reservation link for the hotel can be found at http://isasiannualseminar.com/ We look forward to seeing all of you in Dubai. Back to Top Back to Top Back to Top GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY Dear pilots, My name is Michail Karyotakis, F-16 Fighter Pilot and postgraduate student 'Air Safety Management' at City University of London. Currently, I am working on my research project, which is the final part of my studies at City to gain a Master of Science (MSc) degree. My research project, entitled 'Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the 21st century. On attaining safer UAS flights based on current and future challenges and considerations.', aims to determine how UAS flights can become safe enough, so manned and unmanned air operations could be conducted simultaneously without compromising the safe performance of the entire aviation industry. To support my project research with data I have created a web survey for pilots, and via this way, I kindly ask your help by participating in the survey. The survey is not affiliated with any airline, training organisation, or any other. Participation in the survey is voluntary and anonymous (if desired by the participant). The survey will take about 12 minutes of your time to complete and is open for participation until 13 August 2018. Also, I would be very grateful if you could forward this message to other pilots in your contact list or spread the word in the airline or air force you are working for. Please click the link below to enter the survey: SURVEY WEB LINK: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/LC6RXZN Thank you in advance for your time and patience. Your participation is highly appreciated. Kind regards, Michail Karyotakis • Mobile phone number: +30 6983514058 • Student email: michail.karyotakis@city.ac.uk Curt Lewis