Flight Safety Information November 7, 2018 - No. 226 In This Issue Accident: Cargo Carrier SH36 at Louisville on Nov 6th 2018, nose gear collapse on landing Incident: Cobham RJ1H at Perth on Nov 6th 2018, engine shut down in flight Incident: Delta B763 near Boston on Nov 2nd 2018, engine shut down in flight Airbus A318-111 - Failed to Retract Gear (France) Boeing 747-412F - Runway Excursion on Landing (Canada) American Airlines flight makes emergency landing in Charleston Transportation Safety Board to analyze every aspect of Carp mid-air plane crash NTSB Set to Hold Investigative Hearing on Engine Failure Report: Boeing Warns Airlines of Potential 737 MAX Glitch After Lion Air Crash Xiamen Airlines and GE Aviation Sign Digital Solutions Agreement Boeing to deliver 2000th airplane to China United Aircraft concentrating on customer service Female pilots: Which airline has the highest number? Why this company is bringing dozens of French-built fighter jets to Fort Worth Alliance Airport ERAU Aviation SMS Seminar-Openings Available Business Aviation Safety Consortium (BASC) announces FIRST Safety Dividend DOCTORAL RESEARCH SURVEY Accident: Cargo Carrier SH36 at Louisville on Nov 6th 2018, nose gear collapse on landing An Air Cargo Carrier Shorts SD-360, registration N367AC performing freight flight 2Q-1611 (dep Nov 5th) from Danville,IL to Louisville,KY (USA), landed on Louisville's runway 17L at 01:33L (06:33Z) but suffered the collapse of the nose gear and was unable to vacate the runway. Tower instructed the next approach to go around, then asked whether they were able to vacate the runway, the crew replied in the negative, tower asked "was this a gear up landing" to which the crew replied "affirm". Tower subsequently queried "do you need emergency services over there?", the crew replied the nose gear was broken. Runway 17L was closed. The FAA reported the nose gear collapsed on landing, the damage was unknown. http://avherald.com/h?article=4bfed925&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Cobham RJ1H at Perth on Nov 6th 2018, engine shut down in flight A Cobham Aviation Avro RJ-100, registration VH-NJP performing flight NC-1990 from Perth,WA to Barrow Island,WA (Australia), was climbing through FL130 out of Perth when the crew needed to shut one of the four engines (LF507). The aircraft returned to Perth for a safe landing about 50 minutes after departure. https://flightaware.com/live/flight/JTE1990/history/20181105/2140Z/YPPH/YBWX http://avherald.com/h?article=4bfefeb5&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Delta B763 near Boston on Nov 2nd 2018, engine shut down in flight A Delta Airlines Boeing 767-300, registration N187DN performing flight DL-106 from New York JFK,NY (USA) to Frankfurt/Main (Germany), was enroute at FL350 about 150nm east of Boston,MA (USA) when the crew needed to shut the right hand engine (CF6) down. The aircraft turned around and diverted to Boston for a safe landing on Boston's runway 22L about 40 minutes later. A replacement Boeing 767-300 registration N171DN reached Frankfurt with a delay of 10.5 hours. The occurrence aircraft remained on the ground in Boston for 71 hours, then positioned back to New York JFK,NY (USA) but has not yet returned to service 94 hours after landing in Boston. https://flightaware.com/live/flight/DAL106/history/20181102/2350Z/KJFK/EDDF http://avherald.com/h?article=4bff01d9&opt=0 Back to Top Airbus A318-111 - Failed to Retract Gear (France) Date: 06-NOV-2018 Time: ~13:10 LT Type: Airbus A318-111 Owner/operator: Air France Registration: F-GUGL C/n / msn: 2686 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: Other fatalities: 0 Aircraft damage: None Location: Paris-Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport (CDG) - France Phase: Initial climb Nature: International Scheduled Passenger Departure airport: Paris-Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport (CDG) Destination airport: Florence (FLR) Narrative: At approximately 13:10 (local time), an Air France Airbus A-318-111, Registration: F-GUGL from CDG, flight AF1566, to Florence, Italy, failed to retract his landing gear after his takeoff. The aircraft made a turn on the zone before being intercepted by a Rafale of the french Air Force in the North-West of Roissy. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=217354 Back to Top Boeing 747-412F - Runway Excursion on Landing (Canada) Date: 07-NOV-2018 Time: 05:05 LT Type: Boeing 747-412F Owner/operator: Sky Lease Cargo Registration: N908AR C/n / msn: 28026/1105 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 5 Other fatalities: 0 Aircraft damage: Unknown Location: Halifax International Airport, NS (YHZ/CYHZ) - Canada Phase: Landing Nature: Cargo Departure airport: Chicago-O'Hare International Airport, IL (ORD/KORD) Destination airport: Halifax International Airport, NS (YHZ/CYHZ) Narrative: Sky Lease flight GG4854, a Boeing 747-400F, suffered a runway excursion after landing at Halifax International Airport, Canada. The aircraft had been cleared to land on runway 14. The tower controller reported wind from 260° at 16 knots, gusting to 21. The runway was closed after the incident. Runway 14 is a 2347m long asphalt runway. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=217364 Back to Top American Airlines flight makes emergency landing in Charleston CHARLESTON, W.Va. (WSAZ) - An American Airlines flight headed to Akron-Canton Airport in Ohio made an emergency landing Tuesday afternoon at Yeager Airport, according to airport officials. It happened around 1:45 p.m. Tuesday after the Bombardier CRJ200 jet sustained a cracked windshield. Flight 5627 was en route to Akron-Canton Airport from Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina. The jet, which had 49 passengers and three crew member on board, landed without incident. "The flight has landed safely, and there were no service interruptions to regularly scheduled flights," Airport Director Terry Sayre said. Airport officials say American Airlines likely would provide a new aircraft to take passengers to Akron-Canton Airport. https://www.wsaz.com/content/news/American-Airlines-flight-makes-emergency-landing-in-Charleston- 499858461.html Back to Top Transportation Safety Board to analyze every aspect of Carp mid-air plane crash It could take a year for a full report to be released. 17 Transportation Safety Board of Canada Senior Investigator Beverley Harvey. Jeff Slack/ OttawaMatters The Transportation Safety Board of Canada is providing some insight into a mid-air collision between two planes in Ottawa, and what's to come in its investigation. The incident happened just after 10 a.m., Sunday, killing one of the pilots. Senior Investigator for the TSB Beverley Harvey says the board is examining every aspect from each of the pilots' perspectives, such as visibility, sun angle, and anything in the way that could have skewed one pilot's view of the other aircraft. "Both aircraft collided when they were in the airspace, within the Carp airport's traffic pattern," she explained. "One of the wings of the Cessna was partially severed, and control of the aircraft was lost. The aircraft impacted the ground shortly after, and a post-crash fire ensued." One man was pronounced dead at the scene of that crash. The other aircraft, a Piper, suffered significant damage, but was able to continue flying and land at the Ottawa International Airport. The TSB continues to conduct interviews and review data from the mid-air collision. https://www.ottawamatters.com/local-news/transportation-safety-board-to-analyze-every-aspect-of-carp- mid-air-plane-crash-1112608 Back to Top NTSB Set to Hold Investigative Hearing on Engine Failure The National Transportation Safety Board is scheduled to hold an investigative hearing, that is open to the public, Wednesday, Nov. 14, beginning at 9 a.m. (EST), in the NTSB's Board Room and Conference Center. As part of the agency's ongoing investigation of the fatal, April 17, 2018, CFM International engine failure on Southwest Airlines flight 1380, the one-day hearing will focus on CFM International CFM56-7 series engine fan blade design and development history, CFM International CFM56-7 series engine fan blade inspection methods and procedures, and engine fan blade containment design and certification criteria. Parties participating in the investigative hearing and the full agenda, including a list of witnesses will be announced prior to the hearing. NTSB previously issued an investigative update about the ongoing investigation. Media planning to cover the investigative hearing in person are asked to contact NTSB media relations at 202- 314-6100 or keith.holloway@ntsb.gov and to be in place and set up not later than 8:30 a.m. (EST) on the day of the event. The hearing may be viewed via webcast. A link for the webcast will be available at http://ntsb.windrosemedia.com/ shortly before the start of the hearing. Contact: NTSB Media Relations 490 L'Enfant Plaza, SW Washington, DC 20594 Keith Holloway (202) 314-6100 keith.holloway@ntsb.gov www.ntsb.gov Back to Top Back to Top Report: Boeing Warns Airlines of Potential 737 MAX Glitch After Lion Air Crash Boeing has reportedly warned airlines operating its new 737 MAX aircraft of a potential technical problem that could cause the plane to enter into a dangerous dive. A source cited by Bloomberg late Tuesday said the company is preparing a service bulletin about the issue which stems from faulty readings from a flight- monitoring system. The warning is said to be based on preliminary findings from the investigation into the Lion Air jetliner crash last week that left 189 people dead. The Lion Air 737 Max 8 lost contact with air traffic controllers shortly after takeoff and then plunged into the Java Sea. Bloomberg later reported that the bulletin had been delivered, which directs operators to "existing flight crew procedures to address circumstances where there's erroneous input from an AOA sensor." https://www.thedailybeast.com/report-boeing-warns-airlines-of-potential-737-max-glitch-after-lion-air-crash Back to Top Xiamen Airlines and GE Aviation Sign Digital Solutions Agreement ZHUHAI, China--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 6, 2018--Xiamen Airlines signed an agreement with GE Aviation on the Event Measurement System (EMS) based Flight Analytics Services to further extend their strategic cooperation in digitalization. This service enables customers to effectively enhance flight safety, optimize fuel efficiency and reduce operational costs for the airline's fleet. "We have enjoyed a healthy business relationship with GE Aviation since 1992," said Zhao Dong, President of Xiamen Airlines. "As the early user of GE Aviation's digital solutions in China, we are excited to further extend our collaboration and continue to view GE Aviation as the preferred team to power our continuous growth." GE Aviation's highly comprehensive digital system enables customers to better manage operations with data- driven solutions and insights. The EMS-based flight analytics service integrates data sources like flight information, weather, navigation, flight plans, and other operational data, and uses a powerful analytics engine to extract valuable insights for airline customers. "Improving flight safety and efficiency are among the leading priorities of airlines today. This agreement for digital services is an important milestone in our long-standing relationship," said Chaker Chahrour, vice president and general manager of Global Sales & Marketing at GE Aviation. "We are honored to work with Xiamen Airlines to drive digital transformation and release a wide array of products and services for the airline." "The sophisticated flight analytics, together with the local team's experience will enable Xiamen Airlines to better manage operations with data-driven solutions," said John Mansfield, vice president and chief digital officer for GE Aviation. "We are bringing together analytics with physical assets to help customers significantly reduce their cost and increase their operational efficiency." Xiamen Airlines currently operates a 208-aircraft fleet, majority of which are powered by engines from GE or CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between GE and Safran Aircraft Engines. Earlier this year, both parties signed an MoU to further strengthen the strategic cooperation on fleet management support and services, digital solutions, leadership training and aviation health management programs, as well as intra- industrial alignment and cooperation to support the globalization of Xiamen Airlines. About Xiamen Airlines Founded in 1984 in Xiamen City of Fujian Province, Xiamen Airlines is one of the fastest developing airlines in China. Xiamen Airlines is committed to providing passengers with holistic, seamless and high-quality service. It is the only airline in China keeping a profitable record for 31 consecutive years. With a fleet of 208 aircraft, mainly composed of Boeing 737s and 787s, Xiamen Airlines operates extensive network routes covering China, Asia, Europe, America and Oceania, with more than 350 domestic and international routes. About GE Aviation GE Aviation, an operating unit of GE (NYSE: GE), is a world-leading provider of commercial and military jet engines, avionics, digital solutions and electrical power systems for aircraft. GE is the world's Digital Industrial Company, transforming industry with software-defined machines and solutions that are connected, responsive and predictive. With people, services, technology and scale, GE delivers better outcomes for customers by speaking the language of industry. www.ge.com/digital View source version on businesswire.com:https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181106006087/en/ https://www.apnews.com/5a9b8dd164fa4a9696368ed52c87bb44 Back to Top Boeing to deliver 2000th airplane to China ZHUHAI, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- Boeing will deliver its 2,000th airplane to China within the year, the U.S. top aircraft manufacturer announced at the 12th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition that opened Tuesday in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Boeing has delivered 153 airplanes to Chinese airline companies in the first three quarters of 2018, said Rick Anderson, Boeing vice president of Northeast Asia sales. He said the number of airplanes delivered to China has exceeded 140 for six consecutive years, reflecting the continued strong demand of the Chinese aviation market. China ordered 10 Boeing 707 jets in 1972, which began Boeing's presence in China. The 1,000th Boeing airplane was delivered to China in March 2013, making China Boeing's first overseas market to receive 1,000 airplanes. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/07/c_137588985.htm Back to Top United Aircraft concentrating on customer service: chief Russia's United Aircraft plans to enhance its customer service capabilities for the Superjet 100, and make customer service a priority for the Irkut MC-21 and CRAIC CR929 programmes. In an interview with FlightGlobal prior to Air Show China in Zhuhai, UAC chief Yuri Slyusar said that the company was working with both its foreign and Russian customers to improve the Superjet's after-sales programme. "We intend to invest substantively in after-sales services, both in the central spares stock and in enhancement of the existing stocks capacity...as well as the capacity required for aircraft maintenance," he says. "Looking ahead, we plan to come up with a single unified after-sales system for UAC commercial aircraft." The company will apply lessons from the Superjet programme to both the MC-21 and CR929. UAC and Comac have formed a joint venture, CRAIC, to develop the new long-haul CR929 twinjet, which is expected to enter service in the late 2020s. Given that the primary market for the CR929 is the Asia-Pacific region, service facilities and spares warehouses will be developed in both Russia and China. Slyusar says that support is key priority for the developmental type, and a focus area in discussions with suppliers. To be selected as a supplier, a company must have sufficient number of service facilities, warehouses, and technicians globally. Customer service issues and spares shortages have been a major stumbling block with the Superjets operated by Mexican carrier Interjet. In its most recent financial quarter, the airline received Ps733 million ($39.6 million) in compensation for maintenance costs related to its Superjet fleet, after it was forced to ground at least four of the type during the past year or so. In a bid to keep Interjet as a customer, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft, the type's manufacturer, is offering cabin densification and fuel-saving 'sabrelet' winglets. "Our partners are improving the business model, and we are intensively involved in this process by working out proposals and actions concerning fleet adaptation," says Slyusar. "This means that we are looking for possibilities to enhance the operational capacity at high altitudes, and improving take-off and landing performance, as well as the layout arrangements." Sukhoi is also offering other customers upgrades in the form of saberlets and improved landing-gear doors, he adds. Slyusar touches on the request for information related to the CR929 issued in May. He lists three of the respondents: Rolls-Royce, General Electric, as well as a joint response from Russia's United Engine and the Aero Engine Corporation of China. "This work will be completed by the end of the year, following which potential suppliers will be selected to pass to the precontractual work stage," he says. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/united-aircraft-concentrating-on-customer-service-453312/ Back to Top Female pilots: Which airline has the highest number? Airlines have been stepping up their efforts to recruit more female pilots to meet the increasing demand for travel. Spending on travel and tourism has spiked in recent years, with customers keen to spend their money on new experiences. There were nearly 350 million more international tourists in 2017 than in 2010, according to the World Tourism Organization. Which airline employs the most female pilots? Globally, just 5.18% of commercial pilots are women, according to the Air Line Pilots Association International trade union. Indian airlines employ the highest proportion of female pilots at 12.4%. That's according to the latest statistics from the International Society of Women Airline Pilots (ISWAP). Zoom Air, a regional Indian airline, tops the leader board. ISWAP says it employs nine female pilots out of a total of 30. Kathy McCullough, communications chairwoman for ISWAP and a retired female captain, said that Indian companies have "aggressively encouraged more women to become airline pilots in what they see as an upcoming pilot shortage." A report by Boeing found that with a growing middle class in India, commercial air travel is expected to become more frequent. In the UK, about 4.77% of airline pilots are women. How much do pilots earn on average? A typical day for an airline pilot could include flying passengers or cargo to short-haul or more far-flung destinations. Commercial pilots' salaries depend on the airline they're working for, the type of aircraft they fly and their level of experience. Starting salaries range between £20-30,000 for those in the cockpit. For experienced captains, pay can reach more than £140,000. That's higher than the £105,250 you could earn as an air commodore in the Royal Air Force, according to the National Careers Service in the UK. But what about the gender pay gap? Earlier this year, UK companies with more than 250 employees were required to report their gender pay gap figures for the first time. British airlines were cited as having large gender pay gaps, which is the percentage difference between average hourly earnings for all male and female staff. The average median pay difference between men and women was 9.7% across all industries. Ryanair reported the largest gender pay gap for an airline (71.8%). EasyJet had a 45.5% pay gap, but said that men and women in the same roles are paid equally. But much of the gap can be explained by one thing - the proportion of male pilots. At EasyJet, for example, pilots make up a quarter of its UK employees. 6% of its UK pilots are women - a role which pays £92,400 on average. Lower-paid cabin crew, 69% of whom are women, earn an average salary of £24,800. The airline says it has set a target that 20% of new entrant pilots should be female by 2020. What other obstacles do potential pilots face? Before starting their training, potential airline pilots need to hold a Class 1 Medical Certificate. Most training schools and airlines also require five GCSEs and two A-levels in the UK. If you meet those requirements, there are several ways to get off the ground: Getting an Airline Transport Pilot's Licence, or a 'frozen ATPL'. It can take around 18 months to finish the course, which is a mix of theory and flying. Costs for the course can range between £60-90,000. After at least 1,500 flying hours, you can apply for a full ATPL. Doing a degree in aviation which includes pilot training. But a degree isn't essential and costs for flight training come on top of tuition fees. Taking a higher level apprenticeship in professional aviation pilot practice. The British Airline Pilots' Association has highlighted difficulties which aspiring pilots can face when funding their training. It has said that the high cost of training can put off those from less affluent backgrounds. Initiatives have also been set up to encourage young women's interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects, which can be useful for those looking to become a pilot. The female pilot teaching African women to fly Captain Kate McWilliams, an EasyJet employee, became the world's youngest female airline captain at the age of 26. She said: "A lot of people think it's a highly technical job, which puts them off. "But a huge amount of it is being good with people. As a captain, you're a people manager. There needs to be a change in perception around the job." https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46071689 Back to Top Why this company is bringing dozens of French-built fighter jets to Fort Worth Alliance Airport For 40 years, the Dassault Mirage F1 fighter jet saw action in combat zones in Africa and the Middle East as a staple of the French military. Now, more than 60 of the jets will find a home near Fort Worth where they'll be taking on a new kind of mission as part of a multibillion-dollar opportunity for Alliance Airport's newest tenant. Airborne Tactical Advantage Co., also known as ATAC, broke ground last month on a 75,000-square-foot hangar due to open next summer that will house maintenance and pilot-training functions. Mechanics there recently showed off two refurbished jets, the first of 63 F1s purchased from the French government that will eventually make up the fleet. ATAC, a part of Textron's Airborne Solutions division, has a two-decade history providing adversary air services for the U.S. military, supplying outsourced jets and civilian pilots to play the role of enemy fighters in live training drills against Navy or Air Force pilots. The line of business is expected to grow dramatically in the coming years, with the Air Force in the early stages of bidding out a contract up to an estimated $7.5 billion over 10 years. An ATAC employee uncovers a Dassault Mirage F1 CT that was on display when Airborne Tactical Advantage Company (ATAC), part of Textron Airborne Solutions, broke ground on the Adversarial Center of Excellence at Alliance Airport in Fort Worth, Thursday, October 11, 2018. ATAC plans on purchasing more than 60 of the Dassault Aviation built fighter planes that have actively flown since the early 1970's. (Tom Fox/The Dallas Morning News) (Tom Fox/Staff Photographer) "To challenge aircraft like the F-35 and the F-22, you need a lot of bad guys out there, because those things are lethal," said ATAC chief executive Jeffrey Parker. The Air Force needs "more capability and they need more capacity. They can't generate that internally any more." Parker said outsourcing the role of training adversaries provides several advantages for the military. Older jets supplied by the likes of ATAC are cheaper to operate and save wear and tear on the U.S. military's expensive fleets. And, at a time when the Air Force is dealing with a pilot shortage, its and the Navy's pilots are freed up to focus on other duties. ATAC acquired the F1 jets to bulk up its existing fleet of nearly 30 jets - made up of a mix of F-21 Kfir, MK-58 Hawker Hunter and L-39 Albatros aircraft - to better compete for the upcoming Air Force contract. At its max, ATAC has provided about 6,000 flight-hours in a given year; the Air Force is looking for up to 37,000 a year. Several other companies will also be competing for the bid, including Draken International, which this summer won a $280 million contract to provide adversary air services at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada. At Alliance, a growing team of mechanics and support staff has been charged with getting the F1s up to speed. The effort includes assembling the aircraft after they arrive in several pieces, refurbishing the jets and retrofitting them with modern technologies like upgraded radars. ATAC said it expects to eventually employ about 200 people at the site, which will also serve as a parts depot for the fleet. The company did not disclose how much it is investing in its Alliance Airport facility. "The skilled labor in the aviation community around here is huge. It's better than anyplace else we're currently based," said Parker. While the F1s will start out in Texas, they'll spend much of their time being used in drills at military bases around the country, returning to Alliance Airport for maintenance and other work. ATAC expects to also add other types of jets to the Alliance base, bringing the total fleet up to as many as 80 jets in the coming years. "This base is geographically central. We can basically shoot jets east or west and get them there in a timely fashion, as well as get parts back and forth," said Parker. "This will be the base that's farming the jets to other locations." https://www.dallasnews.com/business/business/2018/11/06/company-bringing-dozens-french-built-fighter- jets-fort-worth-alliance-airport Back to Top Back to Top posted on November 5, 2018 12:00 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Business Aviation Safety Consortium (BASC) announces FIRST Safety Dividend One of the initial long-term goals of BASC is accomplished in under two years! Besides being a highly desired partner with world class business flight departments that are achieving excellence in Safety Management and Compliance, BASC was conceptualized to be of high value and ease of budgeting. The Safety Dividend provision was implemented at the founding to give some of the investments of BASC members back to them when able. Although a "for profit" entity, the founder could not find a reason to not share and reward excellence, loyalty, achievement, continuous improvement, and safety culture. Any current BASC full-service member, that has been with the organization for six months or greater, will receive the first Safety Dividend in December 2018! Founder and President Rick Malczynski shared, "This is a great achievement for the BASC membership. We knew from the beginning that having a "killer" program was key, but what we also learned over the years was that treating our end users with respect, honesty, and transparency was the foundation of our previous successes. As a BASC member, we often get labelled as an "industry disrupter," and it is actually one of the highest compliments we receive. It is a pretty cool concept, when you just do your best, work with the smartest professionals in the industry, and treat everyone with respect and compassion...everyone grows together...and has a great time doing it! I could not be more enthused and prouder regarding BASC and what the members have accomplished." Malczynski further commented, "I have to admit, I was nervous about setting a goal of doubling our membership again in 2019. However, the maturation of flight departments realizing a cost/benefit analysis of continuing with IS-BAO is negative, and the path IS-BAO as an organization has chosen, has almost guaranteed us of meeting our 2019 goal! We couldn't be more excited to see what the future holds for BASC members!" Welcome Home! ### About the Business Aviation Safety Consortium (AviationConsortium.com, LLC or BASC): Headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, BASC serves as a logical partner for SMS, regulatory, and operational excellence verification for high performing business aviation organizations. BASC was founded in 2016 and accepted the first member in January of 2017. For more information, visit http://www.aviationconsortium.com Back to Top DOCTORAL RESEARCH SURVEY My name is Robert Lee. I am a doctoral candidate at Northcentral University. I am conducting a study on employee safety climate in the FBO industry. The purpose of the study is to examine how manager turnover affects safety climate. To be eligible to participate you must be at least 18 years old and be currently employed as a line services professional. The survey should take 10 to 15 minutes to complete. All responses will be confidential and anonymous. Your name and company will not be requested nor linked to you. If you would like to participate, please click on the provided Survey Monkey web link, complete the online informed consent form, and proceed with the questionnaire. SURVEY: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/6WVY9ZN Your participation is greatly appreciated. Thank you. Robert Lee Doctoral Candidate - Organizational Leadership Northcentral University 352.284.6989 R.Lee2968@o365.ncu.edu Curt Lewis