Flight Safety Information February 26, 2019 - No. 042 In This Issue Incident: Lufthansa A333 near Knock on Feb 24th 2019, IRS problems Incident: Vistara A320 at Kolkata on Feb 25th 2019, engine shut down in flight Accident: Delta A319 at New York on Feb 24th 2019, severe turbulence on short final Position Available-IBAC is Searching for Candidates to Direct Its Office in Montreal - Director, ICAO Liaison...International Business Aviation Council IS-BAO Operator Continuous Improvement Roundtable at 2019 NBAA IOC Search for Atlas jet's black box suspended because of bad weather in Chambers County Pilot says Amazon Air's contract airlines 'a ticking time bomb' FAA tells pilots to use caution when flying over Venezuela Baldwin Offers IS-BAO/IS-BAH Operators Safety Performance Monitoring Program EASA extends A-check intervals for ATR family FAA Acting Administrator Dan Elwell to attend Heli-Expo AirBridgeCargo takes delivery of Aviation Capital-financed 747-8F Aviation Innovations Conference: Cargo Airships...March 14 - 15, 2019...Toronto, Canada ISASI-Mid-Atlantic Regional Chapter (MARC) Dinner/Meeting--2 May 2019 ISASI 2019 GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY REQUEST Incident: Lufthansa A333 near Knock on Feb 24th 2019, IRS problems A Lufthansa Airbus A330-300, registration D-AIKL performing flight LH-474 from Munich (Germany) to Montreal,QC (Canada), was enroute at FL340 about 40nm west of Knock (Ireland) when the crew decided to return to Munich due to problems with their IRS systems rendering the flight unable to continue ETOPS and RVSM operation. The aircraft descended to FL270 for the return. On approach to Munich the crew requested emergency services on stand by advising they were performing an overweight landing. The aircraft landed safely but overweight on Munich's runway 08R about 2:20 hours after the decision to return. The flight was postponed to the following day. A replacement Airbus A340-600 registration D-AIHH reached Montreal with a delay of 19.5 hours. http://avherald.com/h?article=4c4af5ea&opt=0 Back to Top Incident: Vistara A320 at Kolkata on Feb 25th 2019, engine shut down in flight A Vistara Airbus A320-200, registration VT-TTF performing flight UK-733 from Chennai to Kolkata (India) with about 130 people on board, was descending towards Kolkata when the right hand engine (V2527) failed prompting the crew to secure the engine. The aircraft continued for a safe landing. The aircraft is still on the ground in Kolkata about 20 hours after landing. http://avherald.com/h?article=4c4af43c&opt=0 Back to Top Accident: Delta A319 at New York on Feb 24th 2019, severe turbulence on short final A Delta Airlines Airbus A319-100, registration N323NB performing flight DL-2056 from New Orleans,LA to New York La Guardia,NY (USA), was on final approach to La Guardia's runway descending through about 500 feet AGL when the crew initiated a go around due to severe turbulence. The aircraft positioned for another ILS approach runway 22 circling runway 31 and landed safely about 17 minutes after the go around. The FAA reported 4 passengers received unknown injuries when the aircraft encountered severe turbulence. A passenger reported there were crazy winds, the landing was aborted and there were medical emergencies as result. https://flightaware.com/live/flight/DAL2056/history/20190224/2320Z/KMSY/KLGA Metars: KLGA 250351Z 28023G31KT 10SM SCT060 OVC075 07/M04 A2946 RMK AO2 PK WND 28040/0323 SLP976 T00721044 $= KLGA 250251Z 27024G35KT 10SM OVC065 08/M04 A2946 RMK AO2 PK WND 26042/0228 SLP975 T00781039 51023 $= KLGA 250151Z 27023G39KT 10SM FEW025 FEW050 08/M01 A2944 RMK AO2 PK WND 25045/0136 SLP970 T00831011 $= KLGA 250051Z 26025G35KT 10SM CLR 08/03 A2941 RMK AO2 PK WND 26035/0050 SLP959 T00830028 $= KLGA 250007Z 26014G30KT 10SM SCT021 08/04 A2940 RMK AO2 PK WND 27030/0000 T00780044 $= KLGA 242351Z 24011G25KT 10SM BKN021 08/04 A2939 RMK AO2 PK WND 27027/2317 SLP952 T00780044 10083 20061 53005 $= KLGA 242316Z 25013KT 10SM BKN016 OVC025 08/05 A2939 RMK AO2 T00780050 $= KLGA 242251Z 24012KT 10SM OVC014 08/05 A2937 RMK AO2 PRESRR SLP944 T00780050 $= KLGA 242151Z 24009KT 10SM OVC011 08/05 A2937 RMK AO2 SLP946 T00780050 $= KLGA 242051Z 24013G21KT 10SM OVC012 08/06 A2938 RMK AO2 SLP947 T00780056 56033 $= http://avherald.com/h?article=4c4af362&opt=0 Back to Top Back to Top Director, ICAO Liaison International Business Aviation Council Work Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada The International Business Aviation Council (IBAC) is searching for a Director to lead its principal office at the United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. IBAC is an international, non-profit trade association representing the interests of business aircraft operators at the global level. IBAC is an official observer organization at ICAO, supports member organizations around the world, and promotes safety through international best-practices standards for the business aviation community. The office in Montreal coordinates and leads IBAC's contributions to the work of ICAO on standards for international aviation safety, security, environment, facilitation and air navigation as they affect business aviation. Ideally, the selected candidate will be an energetic professional with knowledge of and direct experience at ICAO, with technical knowledge of and experience in business aviation, and with demonstrated experience in helping to lead and manage change. Duties and Responsibilities * Provides day-to-day management of the IBAC office and staff in Montreal, guides the work of IBAC technical representatives at ICAO meetings, and provides routine business aviation information to and coordination with the ICAO Secretariat; * Represents IBAC on the ICAO Air Navigation Commission and serves on various ICAO panels and working groups at the request of the Director General; * Advises the Director General and IBAC governing bodies; * Assists the Director General to develop IBAC's strategies, business plans, and policy approaches; * Drafts and coordinates correspondence and communications with and technical working papers for ICAO; * Serves as a resource to IBAC member associations around the world; and * Supports and provides guidance to IBAC programmes, including the Air Crew Card, International Standard for Business Aircraft Operations and International Standard for Business Aircraft Handling. The Director, ICAO Liaison, is expected to undertake a moderate (up to 25 percent) amount of international travel on an annual basis. Supervisory Responsibilities * Supervises office staff of two persons Required Education and Experience * Accredited university bachelor's degree * Minimum of fifteen years of work experience in technical aviation fields, such as safety and air navigation * Holder of pilot qualification * Five years of management experience in a technical aviation field with demonstrated evidence of achieving results with a team of people * Demonstrated ability to work, thrive, and achieve results in international contexts * Demonstrated knowledge of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices and their relevance to business aviation * Demonstrated direct experience with and knowledge of ICAO bodies and procedures * Demonstrated ability to communicate effectively in writing and orally * English fluency required, as English is the working language of IBAC Desired Education and Experience * Graduate degree * Work experience in a business aviation context * Commercial pilot's license * Fluency in or good working knowledge of a second language, preferably French, Compensation and Term * Competitive salary * Three-year renewable contract * Four weeks paid vacation Employment in Canada of non-Canadian residents will be subject to the issue of a work permit and this could affect the start date. Contact Please send by 22 March 2019 a cover letter, including desired salary range, and resume, each not to exceed two pages, to DILpost@ibac.org or to IBAC, 999 Robert Bourassa Boulevard, Suite 16.33, Montreal, QC H3C 5J9. Back to Top Back to Top Search for Atlas jet's black box suspended because of bad weather in Chambers County Search crews spent hours Monday searching for the third victim of a 767 crash, along with the critical black box. CHAMBERS COUNTY, Texas - Federal investigators were forced to temporarily stop combing through the debris field of the deadly plane crash that killed three people over the weekend. Crews were searching for the remains of one of the pilots killed and the plane's black box. Chambers County Sheriff Brian Hawthorne said the search was suspended because of lightning. "There's a lot of lightning in the area. Aluminum boats, air boats and lightning do not go together." he said. The sheriff said the county jail and sheriff's office is about a mile away from the crash site and they're lucky their surveillance camera caught the crash. The 5-second video clip shows the cargo plane as it fell from the sky around 1 p.m. Saturday. The three victims have been identified as Captain Rick Blakely, Conrad Aska, and Sean Archuleta. Provided "Chances are we feel like he's out there like the other two were." said Sheriff Hawthorne of the pilot whose remains have not yet been recovered. The three men were killed after the plane nosedived into the shallow Trinity River in Anahuac. One of the pilots was a Mesa Airlines pilot who was on his way to Houston. "The debris field its extensive, it's total devastation out there" said Loni Alley, a former Houston firefighter and one of the volunteers assisting with the search efforts on Monday. "What's so difficult out there right now, there's not a lot of water, there's a lot of mud and the mud is like quicksand out there. You can get stuck really easily and that is impeding some of the searching" said Alley. The black box and data recordings should help reveal why the Boeing 767 aircraft abruptly went into a deep dive into the river. The sheriff's office put a call out for anyone who may have other recordings or pictures of the plane crash to contact them. Officials said the investigation could take longer than a year to complete. https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/search-for-atlas-jets-black-box-suspended-because-of-bad-weather-in-chambers-county/285-dbc749f4-52e5-449a-98e5-0dd8bd5cbced Back to Top Pilot says Amazon Air's contract airlines 'a ticking time bomb' Pilots for the airline Atlas Air, which operated an Amazon Air flight that crashed and killed all three of its occupants on Saturday, Feb. 23, 2019, in Houston, told Business Insider in the weeks before the crash that Atlas tends to overwork its pilots. * Pilots for the airline Atlas Air, which operated an Amazon Air flight that crashed and killed all three of its occupants on Feb. 23 near Houston, told Business Insider in the weeks before the crash that Atlas tends to overwork its pilots. * Thirteen pilots who work for airlines that Amazon Air contracts with have told Business Insider that their pay and benefits fall below industry standards. * All but one of those pilots said that means pilots on Amazon Air flights tend to be less experienced. * "It's a ticking time bomb," Robert Kirchner, an Atlas pilot and executive council chairman of Teamsters Local 1224, told Business Insider weeks before the crash. It's still unclear what caused the Amazon Air crash that killed all three of its occupants on Saturday, but pilots for the airline Atlas Air, which operated the flight, told Business Insider in the weeks before the crash that Atlas tends to overwork its pilots. "They don't recognize pilot fatigue," captain Robert Kirchner, an Atlas pilot and executive council chairman of Teamsters Local 1224, told Business Insider weeks before the crash. "They think it's people goofing off. We have to constantly show them some of these schedules. Ninety-nine percent of the time, we're able to prove to them that this is a fatiguing schedule." Atlas has contracts with Amazon, DHL and other carriers. Thirteen pilots who work for airlines that Amazon Air contracts with have told Business Insider that their pay and benefits fall below industry standards. All but one of those pilots said that means pilots on Amazon Air flights tend to be less experienced. Most of these pilots asked to speak on condition of anonymity for fear of retribution. "It's a ticking time bomb," Kirchner said weeks before the crash. Amazon and Atlas Air did not respond to requests for comment. aturday, was flying from Houston to Miami. According to a statement from the Federal Aviation Administration, the plane lost signal about 30 miles southeast of Houston George Bush International Airport. It fell from 6,525 feet to 3,025 feet in 30 seconds, according to FlightRadar 24. The FAA then issued an alert notice. In its final seconds, it was descending at a rate of 30,000 feet per second, according to FlightRadar 24. There was no distress call. It's not yet known what caused the Feb. 23 crash. But Atlas Air has had a number of incidents in the past year. In October, a Boeing 747 cargo plane operated by Polar Air, a subsidiary of Atlas Air, veered off the airway at the Northern Kentucky Airport. It came to stop on soft ground. No other plane on that day had a similar landing. An Atlas Air Boeing 767 cargo airline had a hard landing in July at the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, airport. Creases around the fuselage and "substantial damage to the aircraft" was found after the flight inspection. For decades, Amazon moved its cargo through air-cargo services from UPS, USPS and FedEx. But in 2015, Amazon started taking air cargo in-house. Air Transport Services Group and ABX Air told Motherboard that they were leasing two cargo jets each to Amazon, which was building an air hub at Ohio's Wilmington Air Park. Four years later, it's becoming clearer that that air-cargo network is crucial for keeping down the company's ballooning shipping expenses. Year over year, Amazon's worldwide shipping costs jumped by 23% in Q4 2018, from $7.4 billion to more than $9 billion. Amazon now has 40 Boeing 767s, with plans for 10 more. Last year Amazon expanded two-day-shipping availability to "almost anywhere" in the US with its additional Amazon Air capacity. Free one-day shipping is now accessible for the "majority of Prime members in the US." Three additional Amazon Air gateways are underway in Ohio, Illinois, and Texas. https://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/It-s-a-ticking-time-bomb-A-pilot-for-one-of-13644104.php Back to Top FAA tells pilots to use caution when flying over Venezuela The U.S. is warning pilots to use caution when flying to or over Venezuela because of civil unrest there. The Federal Aviation Administration said there is no evidence to suggest that Venezuela's military would target civilian planes, but it said mistakes are possible. And warned that some of the military's shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles could fall into the hands of groups "who may have different intent and a lower level of training." The FAA issued a notice Friday warning pilots to use caution when flying lower than 26,000 feet over the country. Several airlines halted flights to Venezuela as chaos and political strife grew, but a few still fly there. "We continue to serve two airports in Venezuela, and our team is closely monitoring the situation in coordination with the FAA," American Airlines spokesman Ross Feinstein said Monday. American flies daily from Miami to Caracas and Maracaibo. The FAA's notice stopped short of banning U.S. airlines from flying to Venezuela. The FAA generally bans flights over North Korea and six other nations. In a similar warning about North Korean missile tests, the FAA advises pilots and airlines to be cautious about flying over Japan and a large swath of the Pacific Ocean that is heavily used by flights between the U.S. and Asia - but does not ban such flights. The FAA warning raises comparisons to the situation in Ukraine in 2014, when a Malaysia Airlines jet flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was shot down by a missile while flying over eastern Ukraine, where pro-Russian rebels were fighting the Ukrainian military. All 298 people on the plane died. The Netherlands and Australia blame Russia for arming the rebels suspected of firing the missile. The Dutch safety board said this month that airlines still need better information to make judgments about the risk of flying over war zones. https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/business/article226757619.html Back to Top Baldwin Offers IS-BAO/IS-BAH Operators Safety Performance Monitoring Program The SPMP involves mentoring and continuous monitoring by Baldwin's safety professionals of organizations to produce tangible results that can help operators attain Stage 3 IS-BAO/IS-BAH registration Hilton Head Island, SC - February, 2019- Baldwin Aviation, a leader in developing, assessing and implementing Safety Management Systems (SMSs), has launched an innovative Safety Performance Monitoring Program (SPMP) which leverages the relationship between Baldwin and its clients to enable effective organizational safety processes. The SPMP involves mentoring and continuous monitoring by Baldwin's safety professionals of organizations to produce tangible results that can help operators attain Stage 3 IS-BAO/IS-BAH registration-the highest standard registration level an aviation organization can achieve. For operators not pursuing IS-BAO/IS-BAH registration, the SPMP program provides the same top-tier support with a Certificate of Compliance upon meeting and maintaining the requirements. The program utilizes Baldwin's algorithm-based Safety Monitor which tracks four key components of safety management in order to provide definitive information that an auditor, client, and most importantly, an operator can use to assess SMS performance. "It takes the subjectivity of safety management efforts out of the equation by producing hard, specific data that can help operators document their performance and achieve advanced levels of IS-BAO/IS-BAH registration," said Jason Starke, Baldwin's Director of Standards. "The Safety Performance Monitoring Program incorporates the implementation of robust standards based on ICAO Annex 19 and Document 9859 4th Edition and continuous monitoring by credentialed safety professionals. The IS-BAO/IS-BAH is a globally recognized standard comprised of industry best practices derived from ICAO Annexes, industry studies, and industry input," Starke explained. "The requirements of the Baldwin SPMP exceed those of the Stage 1 IS-BAO/IS-BAH Chapter 3 (SMS) requirements. For IS-BAO/IS-BAH Stage 2 registration, the operator needs to show engagement in the SMS, that the SMS is producing data, and that the organization is managing safety through data analysis. Baldwin's active interaction with the organization in the SPMP ensures that the SMS is alive, vibrant, and producing results that meet or exceed Stage 2 registration," he continued. "Stage 3 IS-BAO/IS-BAH registration primarily focuses on the safety culture of an operation. While the assessment for this stage still looks at the outputs of the SMS, the atmosphere - or culture in which the SMS operates - is critically analyzed. Baldwin's SPMP begins with an initial Safety Culture Survey, developed with the assistance of academic, FAA, and safety experts, and an overall assessment as part of the entrance into the program. Thereafter, as an option, we periodically administer the Safety Culture Survey and provide an analysis to show the maturation of an organization's safety culture. By staying continuously engaged in the process, Baldwin's safety professionals are able to virtually ensure that the operators' safety culture matures. And, since Baldwin's mission is to support continuous improvement of transportation safety, the SPMP is available to all eligible Baldwin clients," Starke concluded. About Baldwin Aviation - Safety & Compliance Founded in 2004, Baldwin is a global company founded to support the implementation and maintenance of safety/quality management and related business support systems such as ASAP/ASIAS, FDM/FOQA and Manual software. Combining leading edge proprietary technology with a team of experienced and credentialed aviation safety experts, Baldwin supports business, charter, medical transport, airlines, FBO/MRO, UAS, airports, ground operations/handling, etc.. Baldwin conforms to ICAO, FAA, EASA, Transport Canada and other State standards and regulatory requirements.. Visit www.BaldwinSMS.com or call 888.222.1212 for more information. https://www.aviationpros.com/fbos-tenants/press-release/21069795/baldwin-aviation-baldwin-offers-isbaoisbah-operators-safety-performance-monitoring-program Back to Top EASA extends A-check intervals for ATR family European regulators have approved an extension to A-check intervals for ATR turboprops to 750 flight hours, as part of the manufacturer's efforts to reduce maintenance costs for the aircraft. Previously, European Aviation Safety Agency regulation required operators to conduct the light checks after 500h. ATR says the extension represents a "significant reduction in aircraft maintenance costs and an increased aircraft availability" for the twin-turboprop family. The reduction from three to two checks over a 1,500h period translates to an additional day of operations, the manufacturer says. Senior vice-president programmes and customer services Tom Anderson states: "This certification reflects the robust maintenance policies and procedures that we have worked to put in place. The next step is now to target an escalation of the C-checks to provide even more value," he adds. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/easa-extends-a-check-intervals-for-atr-family-456074/ Back to Top FAA Acting Administrator Dan Elwell to attend Heli-Expo Helicopter Association International (HAI) has announced that Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Acting Administrator Daniel K. Elwell is scheduled to attend HAI Heli-Expo 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 5. Daniel Elwell, the FAA's Acting Administrator. FAA Photo Elwell will participate in a "fireside chat" with HAI president and CEO Matthew Zuccaro, where they will discuss a selection of topics relevant to the helicopter industry. This conversation will take place at HAI's Annual Membership Meeting and Breakfast. Those who are interested in viewing the discussion but who are unable to attend the meeting can view the event through live streaming on HAI's Facebook page. Other live streaming sites may become available too. "We are grateful that Administrator Elwell can take time from his busy schedule to attend HAI Heli-Expo and address issues that are significant to us," said Zuccaro. "This is a pivotal time in aviation, with a number of challenges, such as workforce development and the integration of unmanned aircraft systems and autonomous flight into the NAS. Being able to hear from the FAA Administrator on these and other safety, regulatory, and operational issues is a huge help to the helicopter community. We deeply appreciate the contributions of Administrator Elwell and several other FAA representatives to our show." The discussion between Elwell and Zuccaro is scheduled to begin at approximately 8:30 a.m. EST and will last 15-20 minutes. Elwell is also participating in the ribbon-cutting ceremony to open HAI Heli-Expo at 10:15 a.m. EST. Because of his responsibilities leading the FAA, Elwell's schedule is subject to change without notice. HAI Heli-Expo is the world's largest helicopter-specific event, annually drawing thousands of visitors from around the world. In addition to a trade show floor covering hundreds of thousands of square feet, the event includes numerous professional education courses, safety classes and the related Rotor Safety Challenge, committee meetings and forums, and networking opportunities. Nearly 60 helicopters, including mock-ups of urban taxi concepts, will appear on the show floor. "We expect that Administrator Elwell will find our show as impressive as any first-time visitor does," added Zuccaro. "Our show produces significant business for the international helicopter community, attracting attendees and exhibitors from every aspect of our industry. From helicopter manufacturers to repair facilities to suppliers of parts and services, everyone is here." https://www.verticalmag.com/press-releases/faa-acting-administrator-dan-elwell-to-attend-heli-expo/ Back to Top AirBridgeCargo takes delivery of Aviation Capital-financed 747-8F On 23 February, AirBridgeCargo Airlines took delivery of a 747-8F at Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO) after it was ferried from Boeing's Paine Field (PAE) facility. The aircraft (63787) is the first to be partially financed under US-based lessor Aviation Capital Group LLC's (ACG's) Aircraft Financing Solutions (AFS) program. ACG announced the deal last month and will guarantee the loan from MUFG Bank Ltd. According to Boeing's orders and deliveries book, AirBridgeCargo's parent company, Volga-Dnepr Group, now has no remaining outstanding orders for 747-8Fs. However, the OEM lists four remaining 747-8F orders for "Unidentified Customer(s)," which were placed in December. As noted in the Cargo Facts review of production freighter orders and deliveries for 2018, late in the year, VDG and its UK affiliate CargoLogicHolding agreed to order five 747-8Fs that have not appeared in the companies' backlog with Boeing, suggesting that at least some of the ordered freighters will eventually operate for VDG affiliate carriers, even if they are financed by lessors. The financing deal with ACG also points to an interesting trend in the freighter space, wherein freighters as assets are gaining more interest from banks and other lenders. Last month, global investment firm KKR announced it was investing US$1 billion in lessor Altavair as part of a long-term partnership between the two companies. The capital injection will be used to expand Altavair's portfolio of commercial aircraft, which includes both passenger aircraft, and freighters. Initial investment "will go towards the acquisition of six cargo aircraft on long-term lease with a diverse group of airline counterparties." Many other recent "blockbuster financing deals" have related to narrowbody freighters, as with recent financing agreements from Spectre Cargo Solutions and Vx Capital Partners. The Vx Capital deal is also a first-of-its-kind financing agreement for the acceptance of older freighters as collateral for an asset-backed security. Whether the ACG deal points to future widebody freighter financing deals remains to be seen, but Stefan Kågeman, Vx Capital Partners, SVP, Head of Aircraft Marketing, said at the recent Cargo Facts EMEA conference that e-commerce is changing the freighter finance market. "Financing freighters is not new, but what has changed - driven largely by e-commerce - is that the freighter segment of the aircraft investment market is gaining larger recognition among the investor community," Kågeman said during a panel discussion on passenger-to-freighter aircraft conversions. The prevalence of converted aircraft serving e-commerce demand means major operators and lessors have "cracked the code on the various pitfalls and problems," Kågeman said, adding, "Even smaller airlines flying for integrators are backstopped by the stable business behind it." Those interested in hearing more about freighter aircraft transactions are invited to join us at Cargo Facts Asia 2019, to be held 15-17 April at the Langham Shanghai. For more information, or to register, visit www.cargofactsasia.com. Discounted early-bird registration ends 1 March. https://cargofacts.com/airbridgecargo-takes-delivery-of-aviation-capital-financed-747-8f/ Back to Top Aviation Innovations Conference: Cargo Airships March 14 - 15, 2019 Toronto, Canada www.aviationinnovationsconference.com https://www.facebook.com/events/1842427552533870/ Back to Top Back to Top Back to Top GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY REQUEST Dear Participants, My name is Sabrina Woods, and I am a researcher working towards my Doctorate in Aviation from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University under the guidance of my adviser, Dr. Scott Winter. My research focuses on how different general aviation pilots approach cross-country flying. To support my research project, I have created an online questionnaire to gather information directly from the GA population. In order to participate you must: • be at least 18 years old • hold a private, sport, commercial, ATP or recreational certificate, and • be willing to volunteer your time. Participation is voluntary and anonymous, and you may opt out of the study at any time. If you choose to opt out, your data will be destroyed. The survey will take about 10 minutes or less of your time to complete. Thank you in advance for your help. Please click on the link below to access the questionnaire. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/WoodsStudy Curt Lewis