Flight Safety Information - June 22, 2022 No.119 In This Issue : Accident: Red Air MD82 at Miami on Jun 21st 2022, runway excursion causes gear collapse on landing : Accident: Gomair B733 at Kananga on Jun 16th 2022, gear collapse on landing : Antonov An-30M - Missing (Russia) : FAA: Airlines must retrofit faulty altimeters “as soon as possible” : Another A321: Viva Aerobus Receives Its 60th Aircraft : Aerospace job postings mount as industry tries to recover from pandemic cutbacks : Boeing expects supply chain problems to last through most of 2023 : Position Available: Operational Specialist, FAA Command Center : POSITION AVAILABLE: Aviation Law and Security Attorney/Sr. Attorney : GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY - 1 : GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY - 2 Accident: Red Air MD82 at Miami on Jun 21st 2022, runway excursion causes gear collapse on landing A Red Air Dominicana McDonnell Douglas MD-82, registration HI1064 performing flight L5-203 from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) to Miami,FL (USA) with 126 people on board, landed on Miami's runway 09 at 17:37L (21:37Z) maintaining routine communication but suffered the collapse of its landing gear. Tower pressed the crash button and instructed the next approaches to go around. The MD-82 came to a stand still off the runway with a fire developing at the right hand wing, where a fuel spill occurred. The aircraft was evacuated via slides. Three people received minor injuries and were taken to the hospital. Emergency services quickly extinguished the fire. Miami's Emergency Services reported they are on scene of an aircraft fire, their crews have been able to control the fire at the left hand wing and to mitigate the fuel spill. All people on board were checked for injuries, three have been hospitalized. The airline reported the aircraft encountered technical difficulties after landing. ADS-B Data transmitted by the aircraft suggest the aircraft was on center line of the runway until slowing below 80 knots over ground, then veered left, crossed the green between runways 09/27 and 12/30 and taxiways T8 and T taking the glideslope antenna mast for runway 30 with it and came to a stop just before runway 12/30. The NTSB have dispatched a Go-Team to Miami to investigate the occurrence. https://www.avherald.com/h?article=4fa9f2e8&opt=0 Accident: Gomair B733 at Kananga on Jun 16th 2022, gear collapse on landing A Gomair Boeing 737-300, registration 9S-ABJ performing a flight from Lubumbashi to Kananga (DR Congo), landed on Kananga's runway but suffered the collapse of the left main gear strut. The aircraft came to a stop on the runway. The aircraft is still in Kananga, while repairs are being attempted. https://www.avherald.com/h?article=4fa9ac44&opt=0 Antonov An-30M - Missing (Russia) Date: 22-JUN-2022 Time: Type: Antonov An-30M Owner/operator: Roshydromet Registration: MSN: Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 7 Other fatalities: 0 Aircraft damage: Written off (damaged beyond repair) Location: 70 km from Olenek - Russia Phase: En route Nature: Aerial patrol Departure airport: Yakutsk Destination airport: Olenyok Airport Narrative: An Antonov An-30M surveillance airplane with seven people on board is missing. Search operations are being conducted. One day earlier an Antonov An-2 airplane went missing in the same region. The airplane was located 70 km from Olenek. It had made a hard landing. All occupants survived the crash, three occupants were injured. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/279493 FAA: Airlines must retrofit faulty altimeters “as soon as possible” Altimeter fixes will let AT&T and Verizon fully deploy 5G on C-Band spectrum. The Federal Aviation Administration says it finally has a plan for the industry to replace or retrofit airplane altimeters that can't filter out transmissions from outside their allotted frequencies. The altimeter problem has prevented AT&T and Verizon from fully deploying 5G on the C-Band spectrum licenses the wireless carriers purchased for a combined $69 billion. The FAA was urging airlines to retrofit or replace altimeters in recent months and now says it has finalized a plan. An FAA statement on Friday said that "airlines and other operators of aircraft equipped with the affected radio altimeters must install filters or other enhancements as soon as possible." AT&T and Verizon said they will be able to accelerate 5G deployments near airports in the coming months, but the carriers agreed to continue some level of "voluntary mitigations" in the airport areas until July 2023. Altimeters are used by airplanes to measure altitude. The FAA said a new "phased approach requires operators of regional aircraft with radio altimeters most susceptible to interference to retrofit them with radio frequency filters by the end of 2022. This work has already begun and will continue on an expedited basis." Filters can be installed in a few hours Additionally, "filters and replacement units for the mainline commercial fleet should be available on a schedule that would permit the work to be largely completed by July 2023," the FAA said, continuing: The radio-altimeter manufacturers have worked at an unprecedented pace with Embraer, Boeing, Airbus and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to develop and test filters and installation kits for these aircraft. Customers are receiving the first kits now. In most cases, the kits can be installed in a few hours at airline maintenance facilities. Throughout this process, the FAA will work with both industries to track the pace of the radio altimeter retrofits while also working with the wireless companies to relax mitigations around key airports in carefully considered phases. FCC said 220 MHz guard band should be enough The Federal Communications Commission in February 2020 approved mobile use in the C-Band, specifically from 3.7 to 3.98 GHz. As airplane altimeters rely on a spectrum from 4.2 GHz to 4.4 GHz, this left a 220 MHz guard band to protect altimeters from 5G transmissions. The FCC found that harmful interference to altimeters was unlikely to occur "under reasonable scenarios" given the size of the guard band and power limits the FCC required for C-Band transmissions. The FCC also urged the aviation industry to conduct more research "on why there may even be a potential for some interference given that well-designed equipment should not ordinarily receive any significant interference (let alone harmful interference) given these circumstances." The FAA and aviation industry were nonetheless unprepared for the C-Band launches originally scheduled to begin in December 2021. AT&T and Verizon agreed to a nationwide delay for about six weeks and to limits on deployment near airports until mid-2022. The carriers last week agreed to keep some restrictions near airports in place for another 12 months. "During initial negotiations in January, the wireless companies offered to keep mitigations in place until July 5, 2022, while they worked with the FAA to better understand the effects of 5G C-band signals on sensitive aviation instruments," the FAA said Friday. "Based on progress achieved during a series of stakeholder roundtable meetings, the wireless companies offered Friday to continue with some level of voluntary mitigations for another year." Carriers are satisfied‚ but airlines object Verizon said the latest development will let it "make full use of our C-Band spectrum for 5G around airports on an accelerated and defined schedule. Under this agreement reached with the FAA, we will lift the voluntary limitations on our 5G network deployment around airports in a staged approach over the coming months meaning even more consumers and businesses will benefit from the tremendous capabilities of 5G technology." Verizon said the deal "is the result of months of close collaboration with the FAA, FCC, and aviation industry." AT&T said that "close coordination with the FAA over the last several months" has helped the carrier develop "a more tailored approach to controlling signal strength around runways that allows us to activate more towers and increase signal strength." "Though our FCC licenses allow us to fully deploy much-needed C-Band spectrum right now, we have chosen in good faith to implement these more tailored precautionary measures so that airlines have additional time to retrofit equipment. We appreciate the FAA's support of this approach, and we will continue to work with the aviation community as we move toward the expiration of all such voluntary measures by next summer," AT&T said. Airlines for America, a trade group that represents the major US airlines, is not so happy. "We have serious concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has placed the burden on the aviation industry to act in a way that would previously be considered, by the FAA itself, to be reckless in the context of design changes to safety-critical avionics," the group told FAA Acting Administrator Billy Nolen in a letter on Friday. The letter was posted on Twitter by Reuters reporter David Shepardson. "At today's FAA roundtable we were told that the vast majority of our fleet (approximately 4,800 aircraft) would need to be retrofitted by July 2023," Airlines for America also wrote. "Given that the FAA has not even approved solutions nor have manufacturers manufactured these products for most of this fleet, it is not at all clear that carriers can meet what appears to be an arbitrary deadline." The trade group accused the FAA of "acced[ing] to the demands of the telecommunications companies." In Friday's FAA announcement, Nolen said the compromise is fair. "We believe we have identified a path that will continue to enable aviation and 5G C-band wireless to safely co-exist," he said. "We appreciate the willingness of Verizon and AT&T to continue this important and productive collaboration with the aviation industry." Nolen became the acting FAA head in March, after the resignation of Administrator Steve Dickson. FCC considers crackdown on bad receivers Airlines for America argued that the 220 MHz guard band isn't enough because 5G transmissions use "such high power that significant bleed-over to the radio altimeter band is inevitable." The 220 MHz guard band is really 400 MHz in practice this year because AT&T and Verizon are not yet deploying above 3.8 GHz. The altimeter design problem goes back decades. "Fundamentally, the problem is a design issue with the aviation industry's radar altimeters," Dennis Roberson, who runs a technology consulting firm and is a research professor at Illinois Institute of Technology, told lawmakers during a House subcommittee hearing in February. When altimeters were designed, "they had very low-power neighbors, i.e., satellites beaming their information to the earth from very distant orbits... This led the early designers of the altimeters to decide they really could ignore their assigned spectrum boundaries, and as a result they allow transmitted energy far outside their band into the receiver," Roberson explained. The aviation industry's slowness in fixing altimeters may lead to the FCC cracking down on bad wireless receivers. In April, the FCC voted unanimously to launch an inquiry into poorly designed wireless devices that receive transmissions from outside their allotted frequencies. The inquiry could result in new receiver regulations similar to the rules that already require wireless devices to transmit only in their licensed frequencies. "To avoid harmful interference, we typically have rules about how and when transmitters can operate," FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel said at the April meeting. "But wireless communications systems involve transmitters and receivers... so we need to rethink our approach to spectrum policy and move beyond just transmitters and consider receivers, too." https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/06/faa-details-plan-to-fix-airplane-altimeters-that-cant-filter-out-5g-signals/ Another A321: Viva Aerobus Receives Its 60th Aircraft Viva Aerobus has received ten new planes between August 2021 and June 2022. On Monday, Viva Aerobus received its 60th aircraft, an Airbus A321ceo, with a capacity to carry up to 240 passengers and registration XA-VBU. The Mexican ultra-low-cost carrier received this aircraft at its headquarters located at Monterrey International Airport (MTY) after a long flight from France with several stopovers across the way. Let’s investigate further. The new baby in the fleet Viva Aerobus has been heavily increasing its fleet. It currently has 40 Airbus A320s and 20 Airbus A321s. Its fleet has an average age of five years old; it is Mexico’s youngest fleet and North America’s third-youngest fleet, the airline said in a statement. SIMPLEFLYING VIDEO OF THE DAY Yesterday, Viva Aerobus announced it had received its 60th aircraft directly from Airbus. The plane, an Airbus A321ceo, departed from Châteauroux, France, at 8:00 UTC on Sunday, June 19. The aircraft, still flying with its original registration (OE-IFA), traveled to Lajes, in the Azores Islands, Portugal. From Lajes Airport, the crew departed towards Halifax, Canada, where it stayed the night. On Monday, at around 5:33 (local time), the aircraft departed towards Mexico, landing in Monterrey at 9:25 (local time). Between August 2021 and June 2022, the Mexican ultra-low-cost carrier has received ten new aircraft. In August, the airline took delivery of its 50th aircraft, an Airbus A321neo, registration XA-VBM. Fleet looking strong Viva Aerobus’ fleet growth is in line with the airline’s growth plans for the coming years. The carrier added, “In this regard, it is worth remembering that so far in 2022, Viva has already launched more than 15 new routes for sale. Just to mention a few examples, there are the five new services to/from Felipe Angeles International Airport; Guadalajara - Bogota; Mexico City (MEX)- Nuevo Laredo, among others; it also announced its restart of operations at Toluca Airport and has significantly increased the number of frequencies per week in destinations such as Cancun.” Not only Viva Aerobus is heavily increasing its fleet, though. Both Volaris and Aeromexico are also adding new aircraft as they look to ramp up their operations following the COVID-19 crisis. According to data provided by the Mexican government, the local carriers had an overall fleet composed of 275 aircraft by the end of 2020 (down from 355 at the end of 2019). One year later, the fleet had increased to 310 aircraft, and it is currently at 327 (up to the end of 2022’s first quarter). The main reason why the Mexican commercial aviation fleet hasn’t been fully restored to pre-pandemic levels is the cease of operations of Interjet. In 2020, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, that ill-fated airline had a fleet composed of 88 aircraft. Viva Aerobus is canceling routes Last week, Viva Aerobus announced it had canceled two international routes (Cancún-Medellín and Mexico City-Medellín) due to aircraft delivery delays. The airline pointed out Airbus had faced operational setbacks due to the COVID-19 pandemic and had not delivered all the aircraft Viva Aerobus currently needs. After receiving its 60th Airbus jetliner, Simple Flying reached Viva Aerobus for comment. We asked how many aircraft the airline planned to have by this time and if receiving its newest plane might put the two canceled routes back on the map. At the time of publishing this story, Viva Aerobus had not responded. https://simpleflying.com/viva-aerobus-receives-60th-aircraft/ Aerospace job postings mount as industry tries to recover from pandemic cutbacks Major aerospace employers have been a driving force behind jobs gains in Washington in recent months, as the industry continues to climb back from its early pandemic cuts. As of June 20, there were more than 7,500 open positions in aerospace, according to Worksource Washington. The space sector accounted for nearly a quarter of them, including 1,178 for Kent rocket maker Blue Origin. The Boeing Co. (NYSE: BA) has added more than 410 new engineers and technical workers since the first of the year, hiring at a “steady clip” since the fall, said Bill Dugovich, communications director for the company’s engineers’ union. The jet maker eclipsed Amazon, Washington's largest employer, in May for new openings, with more than 26,750 so far in 2022, according to a monthly report from the Employment Security Department. The candidates are now largely new additions, Dugovich said, after Boeing exhausted its roster of employees who took voluntary layoffs at the start of the pandemic. But while statewide aerospace employment is up year-over-year, the industry is still far short of its pre-pandemic headcount, said state economist Paul Turek. The hiring push is “really an indication they cut too deep,” Dugovich said. The pace of hiring hasn’t yet budged hourly wages or weekly hours — which stood at $37.64 per hour and 41.5 hours per week as of early June — but workers have been able to command better benefits. Employers have also had to offer more on-the-job training and other incentives, Turek said. Contract renewals for Boeing also cost more than three times what it expected, in an effort to retain workers, Dugovich said. Four major negotiations over the past year have yielded much higher employer contributions to retirement plans, as well as cost-of-living increases to help with inflation, said Mark Blondin, general vice president of aerospace for the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM). In a report it released last week, the IAM estimated the sector supported more than 260,000 jobs statewide, second only to California nationwide. In total exports, Washington was the clear leader, with $41.3 billion in exports. “All things being equal, this is a great time to be a worker,” Turek said. “Business is seeing that as a headache.” The manufacturing sector has led overall job gains in Washington in recent months, with 1,500 jobs added in May and 1,800 in April, led by new jobs in durable goods and aerospace. “Whenever you have jobs chasing people, it’s certainly better than the other way around,” Turek said. “But we’re kind of paying for that privilege through inflation right now.” Aerospace is also facing a high risk of attrition, with around 15% of its workers over the age of 60 and as many approaching that milestone in the next five years, the report found. But the transition has been slower than feared, as workers weigh the challenges of retiring in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. “Although retirements are a concern, the more pressing issue for the industry now is increasing technology and maintaining a workforce with the necessary skills to fill its needs,” the IAM said. “This is especially important in industries like aerospace. The industry’s technology is constantly evolving, so it is essential for the workforce to adapt and meet the new challenges of a global economy through reskilling.” https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2022/06/22/aerospace-hiring-spree-continues-with-new-openings.html?utm_source=sy&utm_medium=nsyp&utm_campaign=yh Boeing expects supply chain problems to last through most of 2023 DOHA (Reuters) -Boeing expects supply chain problems to persist almost until the end of 2023, led by labour shortages at mid-tier and smaller suppliers, partly due to the faster-than-expected return of demand, its chief executive said on Wednesday. Boeing said last month that production of its 737 aircraft had been slowed by shortages of a single type of wiring connector, while some of its airline customers had been forced to cancel flights due to a lack of staff in the post-pandemic recovery. "The shift from demand to now supply issues ... is remarkable, the speed with which it happened," Boeing Chief Executive David Calhoun said at Bloomberg's Qatar Economic Forum in Doha. He said Boeing had a big, complicated supply chain with lots of fragility in it, leading to problems when there were delays. "It's been a real issue for both manufacturers and will probably stay that way in my view almost to the end of next year," Calhoun said. "And the biggest restraint of all for that mid-tier set of suppliers and sub-tier set of suppliers is labour availability, do we have a workforce," he said. Reuters last month reported engine maker CFM International, a joint venture between GE and Safran, was facing industrial delays of six to eight weeks in the wake of supply-chain problems. Airbus last month said it saw growing short-term risks in its supply chain but voiced confidence that its global network of suppliers would ill be able to keep up. https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/boeing-expects-supply-chain-problems-083833113.html Position Available: Operational Specialist, FAA Command Center Warrenton, United States of America req1214 Employment Type: Permanent Contract Duration: N/A About the team you are joining Reporting to the Head of the IATA / FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Liaison Desk, the successful candidate will participate in the coordination of the daily operations of this organization. This position liaises with airline flight control offices, airport authority representatives, and the FAA Command Center (ATCSCC); working directly with FAA management and staff along with other FAA ATO lines of business representing IATA and the interests of its members. What your day would be like Participate in advance traffic flow management (ATFM) activities and subsequent decision making. Partake in the identification of operational disruptions to member airlines and in the coordination with airlines AOCC developing mitigation strategies for such disruptions. Assist member airlines with priority handling on resource-limited flights and with special requests. Convey members’ needs and business plan priorities to FAA management to provide improved operational results. Provide timely alerts on operational impacts and disruptions to member airlines. Requirements Have genuine interest in expanding your aviation career goals and enhance your air transportation skills. Possess 2-4 years of airline operational control experience along with processes and procedures knowledge. Hold a certificate in domestic and international airline dispatch, though this will be desirable. Have practical knowledge of air traffic control procedures and traffic flow management in the National Airspace System. Bring at least 2-3 years of practical experience Part 129 Airline/ATC operations. Have a college degree in relevant field of study. Can offer proficiency interpreting and understanding TAFs, METARs, NOTAMs and a working knowledge of meteorological impacts to aviation. Have developed the ability to facilitate communications and advocate positions of behalf of IATA members. Demonstrated ATC experience both in civil and military environments will be a plus. U.S. Citizenship is required. A successful U.S. Federal Security and background check is also required. This is not a remote position. The successful candidate will be expected to live in or relocate to the Warrenton VA area upon acceptance of the offer. This position does require proof of COVID vaccination per FAA/DOT requirements. Travel Required: N Diversity and Inclusion are one of our key priorities and we want to role model it. We are committed to building a team that represents a variety of backgrounds, perspectives and skills in which you can contribute at your best and be who you are. The more inclusive we are, the better we will be able to thrive to represent, lead and service the airline industry. If there is anything we can do to create a more comfortable interview experience for you, please let us know. APPLY NOW Learn more about IATA’s role in the industry, our benefits, and the team at iata/careers/. We are looking forward to hearing from you! https://iata.csod.com/ux/ats/careersite/1/home/requisition/1214?c=iata POSITION AVAILABLE: Aviation Law and Security Attorney/Sr. Attorney The Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA), the largest airline pilot union in the world and the largest non-governmental aviation safety organization in the world (representing over 64,000 pilots at 39 U.S. and Canadian airlines) seeks an Attorney for our Tysons (McLean), Virginia office. This Attorney/Sr. Attorney will serve as an integral member of the legal team providing legal representation and advice to ALPA, its officers, committees, governing bodies, and members. Reporting to the Sr. Managing Attorney of the Legal Department, the successful candidate will represent the Association in federal and state court litigation at the trial and appellate levels, at administrative agencies, and in arbitration with a particular focus on U.S. and international aviation law, including aviation security law and regulation. The position requires a significant degree of competence in the substantive and procedural aspects of such litigation. This attorney will provide legal advice and counsel to pilot leaders at all levels of the Association including National Officers, Master Executive Councils (MECs), Local Executive Councils (LECs), ALPA Committees, and Governing Bodies. This advice includes a wide range of legal matters in various areas of legal expertise including U.S. and international aviation statutes and regulations, including aviation security law and regulation; labor law, especially the Railway Labor Act; and various employment discrimination laws. The attorney also may be called on to provide advice on questions of Association policy. Local, national, and international travel: 20 - 40%. ALPA is an equal opportunity employer that is committed to diversity and inclusion in a safe workplace. We prohibit discrimination, harassment and harmful behavior of any kind based on race, color, sex, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender identity, disability, genetic information, pregnancy, or other protected characteristics as outlined in federal or provincial laws. We highly value everyone and all are encouraged to apply, including minorities, veterans, and people with disabilities. Minimum Requirements: · Juris Doctor (JD) from an approved school of law required. A record of excellent academic achievement reflected in law review or equivalent recognition strongly preferred. · Member in good standing of the Bar. · Seven (7) years of related experience in labor relations practice and/or aviation law practice and litigation required, fifteen (15) or more years strongly preferred. At management discretion, significant and in-depth, directly applicable, labor, litigation or other relevant experience may be substituted for some of the above requirements. · Judicial clerkship or other relevant government experience strongly preferred. · Excellent, demonstrated analytical and oral advocacy skills required. · Comprehensive knowledge of labor law and/or aviation law required. · Current knowledge and experience in federal and state court litigation and arbitration/mediation required. · Knowledge of U.S. and international aviation statutes and regulations, aviation security law and regulations, and administrative proceedings strongly preferred. · Labor law expertise including, especially the Railway Labor Act preferred. · Demonstrated ability to organize and coordinate long-term endeavors. · Excellent interpersonal and communication skills, oral and written, for effective interaction with internal staff, external contacts, and pilots. · Demonstrated ability to use independent judgment to formulate decisions and/or solve problems, under time pressure and urgent conditions. · Experience using online legal research, Westlaw or the equivalent, preferred. · Software: Microsoft Word, Outlook, Excel, and PowerPoint preferred. Physical Demands: Note: The physical demands described herein are characteristic of those that must be met to successfully perform the essential functions of this position. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals to perform the essential physical activities of this position described below. Constantly operates a computer/smartphone/tablet. Regularly required to maintain a stationary position, move about the office and the local metropolitan area, determine what others have said or written, and converse with others and exchange accurate information. Regularly required to sit, stand, bend, reach, and move about the office and travel (locally, nationally, and internationally). Also includes occasional bending, stooping, squatting, and/or pushing and pulling or moving, e.g., to pack, unpack, and/or move cases. Occasionally required to move, raise, reach, and/or retrieve binders, books, boxes, and files up to ten (10) pounds (lbs.). While on travel, could be responsible to move, raise, reach, and/or retrieve luggage weighing as much as 50 lbs. (Assistance may not always be available.) Please apply online at https://jobs-alpa.icims.com/jobs/1402/attorney-sr.-attorney/job ALPA offers competitive salaries with terrific benefits, including: · 401k Plan with Non-Elective Employer Contribution of 13% after 180 days of employment. No employee contribution required! The plan includes a Roth option and 4-year vesting schedule. · Generous health care benefits on day one – PPO, Kaiser (where available), and a High Deductible Health Plan which includes coverage for medical, dental, and vision benefits for employee, spouse, and/or dependent children; · 27 days paid vacation and holidays per year plus 2 volunteer days per year; · Generous sick and bereavement leave; · Competitive parental leave; · Company-paid premiums for disability and life insurance; · Flexible Spending and Health Savings accounts; · Retiree health plan; · Education Assistance Program; and, · Optional benefits including pet insurance, excess life insurance, legal plan, and qualified transportation fringe benefits, where available. Relocation not provided. GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY - 1 Dear Participant, When you know that, during a conference on cybersecurity organized by the US Air Force, hackers succeeded, at the invitation of the Pentagon, in infiltrating the control system of an F-15, you understand the importance of cybersecurity issues, particularly in the aviation industry. As today's world becomes more and more digital, the contemporary aircraft is equipped with semi-autonomous computer systems which make aviation one of the first sectors potentially vulnerable to cyberattacks. You are being asked to participate in a research study on cybersecurity threats in aviation. This study is expected to take approximately 10 minutes of your time. In order to complete this study, you must be at least a student pilot and at least 18 years old. You may choose to opt-out of the study at any time. Please click on or copy and paste the URL below. We appreciate your time in completing the study. Link : https://forms.gle/VpADSAhXuoeY6hNP7 GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY - 2 Dear Participant, I am a B777 Captain for FedEx involved with ALPA-FDX Safety for several years and as the ALPA-FDX Accident Investigation Chairman since 2018. As part of my current Masters in Aviation Safety with FIT, I am doing a study on fatigue. The survey as you see will take less than 5 minutes. https://questionpro.com/t/AVsbXZtJoT Thanks for your help, and please let me know if I can be of any help in the future. Best regards Ian Carrero TODAY'S PHOTO (photo courtesy - Jay Selman) Curt Lewis