Flight Safety Information - November 3, 2022 No. 213 In This Issue : Incident: TUI Nederland B38M at Amsterdam on Nov 2nd 2022, bird strike : Incident: Flydubai B738 near Shiraz on Oct 27th 2022, captain incapacitated : Incident: Delta B752 near Albuquerque on Nov 1st 2022, engine problem and smoke in cabin : Navy ends safety standdown for part of the T-45C Goshawk jet fleet : Alaska Airlines Pilots Refused to Fly Together and Turned the Plane Around to the Gate After Argument : Pilots did not clarify control after SriLankan A330 inadvertently pushed into descent : EU Expands Cyber Rules for Airline Flight Safety : Korean Air Launches Special Safety Audit of A330s : 1,000 Technicians By 2026: United Airlines Launches Apprenticeship Program : Boeing execs try to calm investors after multi-billion dollar loss : Call for Papers – ISASI 2023 : Research Study: Professional Pilot Occupational Risk(s) Survey : GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY Incident: TUI Nederland B38M at Amsterdam on Nov 2nd 2022, bird strike A TUI Airlines Nederland Boeing 737-8 MAX, registration PH-TFP performing flight OR-1631 from Amsterdam (Netherlands) to Las Palmas,CI (Spain), was climbing out of Amsterdam's runway 18C when the crew reported a bird strike, stopped the climb at FL110, entered a hold to burn off fuel and returned to Amsterdam for a safe landing on runway 27 about 55 minutes after departure. A replacement Boeing 767-300 registration OO-JNL is currently taxiing for departure from Amsterdam with a delay of approximately 10.5 hours. https://www.avherald.com/h?article=500769bb&opt=0 Incident: Flydubai B738 near Shiraz on Oct 27th 2022, captain incapacitated A Flydubai Boeing 737-800, registration A6-FED performing flight FZ-1942 from Tashkent (Uzbekistan) to Dubai (united Arab Emirates) with 172 people on board, was enroute at FL380 about 260nm northeast of Shiraz (Iran) when the captain became unconscious prompting the first officer to declare emergency and divert to Shiraz, where the aircraft landed safely on runway 29L about 50 minutes later. The aircraft remained on the ground for about 10 hours, then continued the flight with a replacement crew and reached Dubai with a delay of about 11 hours. Shiraz Airport reported a member of the crew had become ill prompting the diversion to Shiraz. On Nov 2nd 2022 Israel's Military reported an Israeli female soldier returning from holidays in Tashkent was on board on the flight, the captain of which had become unconscious in flight, and was able to continue to Dubai without any difficulties. https://www.avherald.com/h?article=500764ad&opt=0 Incident: Delta B752 near Albuquerque on Nov 1st 2022, engine problem and smoke in cabin A Delta Airlines Boeing 757-200, registration N819DX performing flight DL-2846 from Atlanta,GA to Los Angeles,CA (USA) with 193 passengers and 6 crew, was enroute at FL360 about 210nm east of Albuquerque,NM (USA) when the crew initiated a normal descent to FL290, then declared emergency reporting smoke on board. The aircraft continued the descent to 12000 feet and landed on Albuquerque's runway 08 about 50 minutes after leaving FL360. The airline reported the crew observed a performance problem with one of the engines (PW2037) prompting them to divert, at about the same time smoke was observed in the cabin. Passengers reported there was suddenly smoke in the cabin. The captain announced some minutes later one of the engines was shut down. https://www.avherald.com/h?article=500751b8&opt=0 Airbus A320-214 - Landed with Locked Brakes (Russia) Date: 02-NOV-2022 Time: 15:30 LT Type: Airbus A320-214 Owner/operator: Ural Airlines Registration: RA-73830 MSN: 1063 Fatalities: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 75 Other fatalities: 0 Aircraft damage: Minor Location: Irkutsk Airport (IKT/UIII) - Russia Phase: Landing Nature: Passenger - Scheduled Departure airport: Dushanbe Airport (DYU/UTDD) Destination airport: Irkutsk Airport (IKT/UIII) Confidence Rating: Information verified through data from accident investigation authorities Narrative: Ural Airlines flight U62942, an Airbus A320, suffered damage to the four main gear tires and wheel rims during landing at Irkutsk Airport, Russia. Reportedly the aircraft landed with locked main gear brakes. It was immobilized after coming to a full stop on the runway. The pilots of the Ural Airlines Airbus A320 reportedly experienced a critical brake failure at an altitude of 500 m, when the parking brake spontaneously applied on the aircraft. The alarm was triggered. The wheels remained locked for landing. There were 70 passengers and 5 crew members on board, according to other reports, there were more people in the plane (89). No one was injured as a result of the landing. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/300420 Navy ends safety standdown for part of the T-45C Goshawk jet fleet The Navy resumed flight operations for part of its T-45C Goshawk jet trainer fleet Monday after a two-week grounding, but officials are declining to say how many of the aircraft are actually returning to the skies. Flights for the Goshawks, which are used to train Navy and Marine Corps fighter pilots, were halted on Oct. 14 after an engine blade failure was discovered on one of the planes, according to Naval Air Systems Command, or NAVAIR. In particular, one of the trainers suffered “a low-pressure compressor blade failure” before taking off Oct. 11. “Engineering analysis has revealed that a subset of T-45C engine blades do not meet the manufacturer’s engine specifications,” NAVAIR said in a statement. “Those aircraft remain grounded.” Navy officials declined to say Tuesday how many Goshawks remain grounded “due to operational security concerns,” according to an email from spokeswoman Elizabeth Fahrner. Fahrner also did not answer a question regarding the timeline for getting the entire fleet airworthy again. “We will fly additional aircraft only once they are in compliance with these specifications and have been determined to be safe for our naval aircrews,” she said. There are 193 Goshawks in the fleet overall, and jets found to not have the engine blade issue are returning to operations this week. “The aircraft we are flying are verified and known-good,” Chief of Naval Air Training Rear Adm. Richard Brophy said in a statement. “We have the highest confidence in the compliance of these aircraft.” Officials told Navy Times last week that no prior Goshawk mishaps have been attributed to this type of engine blade fault, although a mishap from August remains under investigation. The Navy is working with manufacturer Rolls Royce to figure out the problem and a fix for it. In the meantime, training units are filling the lack of flying time with simulators, classroom lectures and other computer-based training, according to NAVAIR. “While the reintroduction of the T-45C fleet will be a staggered approach, it is not a process that will be rushed,” Brophy said. “It is essential that our maintenance partners analyze and diagnose this issue thoroughly so training operations can fully resume with the safety of each of our aviators as a top priority.” https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2022/11/01/navy-ends-safety-standdown-for-part-of-the-t-45c-goshawk-jet-fleet/ Alaska Airlines Pilots Refused to Fly Together and Turned the Plane Around to the Gate After Argument “IN THE INTEREST OF SAFETY, THE PILOTS DID THE RIGHT THING.” An Alaska Airlines flight was delayed when two pilots decided they couldn't—or wouldn't—fly the plane together. Alaska flight AS1080 was due to fly from Washington to San Francisco but returned to the gate after the pilots "had a professional disagreement," according to the airline. Passengers were frustrated when the flight—which was already almost two hours behind schedule—was further delayed because the pilots couldn't get along. Here's what happened and what the passengers had to say about the incident. 1Unfortunate Incident Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-900(ER) aircraft is airborne as it departs Los Angeles International Airport. Los Angeles, California USA Alaska Airlines apologized to passengers for the delay but insisted it was for the best. "While this situation was unfortunate, in the interest of safety, the pilots did the right thing," the airline says. "Both the captain and the first officer were evaluated by management, and it was determined they remained fit to fly." "We swapped crews and the flight continued to San Francisco. We apologized to our guests for the inconvenience this caused," the statement continues. The flight was already two hours behind schedule due to a storm, with passengers waiting on the tarmac until it was safe to fly. The flight was further delayed when the Captain and First Officer decided not to fly together, so a pilot was pulled from another delayed flight to take the place of one of the original pilots. "Can't we all just get along?" one of the passengers said on Twitter. "After an hour and a half delay, we now return to the terminal due to 'a failure of the captain and first officer to get along,'" another passenger said. "hey @AlaskaAir after being on a plane waiting out a storm for 2 hrs (AS1080) your pilots just pulled back to the gate and got off the plane because of a "failure to get along." incredibly unprofessional. flight attendants are doing their best and have no idea what's going on," another annoyed passenger said. One of the passengers was utterly bemused by what happened. "This is a first for me," he said. 'Alaska #1080 from IAD to SFO, already delayed due to weather, comes back to gate. Pilot says he and his first officer can't get along… so in the interest of safety..' and then leaves the plane." Another passenger took video footage of one of the pilots storming off the plane. The Alaska Airlines flight was supposed to land in San Francisco at 7.05 pm and ended up landing at 9.31 pm. The flight from which the San Francisco flight replacement pilot was taken was scheduled to go to Los Angeles. That flight was further delayed so they could find their own replacement pilot—it was scheduled to arrive at 8.05 pm but ended up landing 2.5 hours later at 10:38 PM. https://bestlifeonline.com/news-alaska-airlines-pilots-refused-fly-together/ Pilots did not clarify control after SriLankan A330 inadvertently pushed into descent Investigators believe a SriLankan Airlines Airbus A330-300 lost considerable altitude during an in-flight upset after one of the pilots nudged the sidestick during cruise, disconnecting the autopilot and pushing the jet into a descent. While the inquiry does not specify the reason for the “sharp nose-down input” by the first officer, who was flying, it refers to his being served a meal, but not handing control of the aircraft to the other pilot – a cruise pilot in the left-hand seat who was standing in for the resting captain. The aircraft had been cruising at 39,000ft over the Indian Ocean, west of Jakarta, during a service from Colombo to Sydney on 21 March last year. Some 3h into the flight the captain went to rest in the cabin, and the cruise pilot moved from the right-hand seat to the captain’s left-hand seat. He acted as the monitoring pilot, while a relief first officer took over as flying pilot in the right-hand seat. The incident occurred a few minutes after the changeover. Analysis shows the first officer’s sidestick deflected nose-down for several seconds, sufficient to trigger involuntary disconnection of the autopilot and generate a master warning. The twinjet transitioned from 2.8° nose-up pitch to 1.1° nose-down and began to descend. It was operating in reduced vertical separation minima airspace, where adjacent aircraft cruising altitudes are separated by just 1,000ft. The cruise pilot, despite not designated as the flying pilot, responded by engaging his autopilot, but without specifying that he was taking control. The first officer continued to make overriding sidestick inputs, which caused the autopilot again to disconnect. Investigators add that the cruise pilot was “transfixed” by the changes in airspeed and “did not observe” either the vertical speed or the loss of altitude. The aircraft’s pitch reached 5.3° nose down and it descended at a rate of up to 5,700ft/min, losing 1,540ft before the first officer’s sidestick was released, and the cruise pilot’s sidestick registered a nose-up input. The autopilot was subsequently re-engaged and the aircraft recovered, some 2min after the initial upset, climbing back to its assigned altitude. Neither pilot had followed specific procedures for handing over, or taking over, the aircraft’s controls, says the inquiry. “The cruise pilot and first officer as operating flightcrew had not displayed the expected level of competency,” it adds. “There was poor crew co-ordination during the incident.” Although the cruise pilot advised Jakarta air traffic control about the altitude deviation, the pilots did not fully brief the captain when he returned to the cockpit. The cruise pilot did not involve the first officer in the discussion, briefed the captain in Sinhalese – not an accepted aviation language – and did not mention the exact extent of the altitude loss. The seriousness of the incident was only discovered when it was detected during routine flight-data monitoring. Mandatory occurrence reports were submitted on 2 April, nearly two weeks after the event, and all three crew members were immediately grounded pending an investigation into the circumstances. Both the flight-data and cockpit-voice recorders had already been overwritten by this point, and the inquiry had to rely on digital access recorder information. None of the occupants – just nine passengers, and seven crew members – was injured, and the aircraft (4R-ALR) was undamaged. Investigators have recommended improved training in upset recovery and awareness of incident-reporting criteria, especially for altitude loss in RVSM airspace. SriLankan Airlines, the inquiry adds, should introduce procedures for handing over aircraft control when meals are served. https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/pilots-did-not-clarify-control-after-srilankan-a330-inadvertently-pushed-into-descent/150797.article EU Expands Cyber Rules for Airline Flight Safety New requirements apply to the aviation supply chain, including plane manufacturers, airlines and weather data providers New cybersecurity rules in Europe will for the first time require a swath of aviation suppliers to identify and defend against hacking risks to flight safety. The new rules, which take effect in 2025, will apply to a range of air transportation companies, including manufacturers, airlines, airports, flight training schools, caterers and weather data providers. Companies also will be required to create a governance system that assigns an individual to be responsible for making sure problems are documented and addressed. “It’s a huge increase of the workload,” said Robert Baltus, chief operations officer at the European Business Aviation Association, a Brussels-based group representing more than 700 companies including Shell Aircraft, which operates aircraft for Shell PLC, and Volkswagen AirService, an airline that runs business jets for Volkswagen AG. Europe Pushes Cybersecurity Rules For Aviation Industry National aviation regulators will oversee compliance with the rules. Many companies in the aviation industry already fall under separate EU cybersecurity rules that require them to implement basic security measures and report cyberattacks to national cybersecurity authorities. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency, known as EASA, the EU body that drafted the rules, said the regulation aims to address potentially dangerous cyberattacks, such as an aviation design company’s engineering files falling into the hands of hackers, or blueprints being modified or corrupted. France-based plane manufacturer Airbus said the new regulation will require it to adjust some of its processes. “The requirements of this regulation are definitely demanding,” an Airbus SE spokesman said in a statement. The plane maker will need to adjust some of its processes, such as assigning a person to oversee the system, he said. Regulators in the U.S. also are stepping up cyber rules for the aviation sector. The Transport Security Administration said in October it would introduce new cybersecurity requirements for some parts of the aviation industry. The agency already requires airline and airport operators to do cybersecurity assessments and appoint a cyber coordinator. Last month, the Russian-language hacker group known as Killnet took credit for low-level denial-of-service attacks on the websites of several U.S. airports, including New York’s LaGuardia and Los Angeles International, which temporarily disrupted their websites but didn’t affect operations or flights. One of the challenges for some smaller or medium-size companies will be finding cybersecurity staff who understand the specific technologies and requirements for security aviation systems, said Thomas Hutin, senior managing director in the Paris office of FTI Consulting. Companies across industries are struggling to find cybersecurity staff to fill the more than 3 million jobs that are estimated to be open worldwide in the field. “Whether or not all affected stakeholders have the in-house capabilities and expertise to manage this transition is a risk,” said Nick Rhodes, head of operations, safety and infrastructure at the European Regions Airline Association, whose members include airlines and manufacturers such as Airbus and Boeing Co. Costs to set up the systems required by the regulation could be high, he said. Companies will need to appoint or hire staff to oversee the system tracking and reporting cyber threats, train employees to use it, and in some cases buy new cyber tools, Mr. Baltus said. EASA said the regulation has to cover a web of suppliers because the aviation industry is so interconnected. A cyberattack could target one company but could damage customers and suppliers. “If you have a small company that has a risky business for others, you can’t duck out because you’re small. You have to take responsibility for the risk you’re exposing others to,” said Jean-Paul Moreaux, the agency’s principle coordinator for aviation cybersecurity. https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-expands-cyber-rules-for-airline-flight-safety-11667402005 Korean Air Launches Special Safety Audit of A330s Korean Air has started a special safety audit of its Airbus A330 fleet, three days after the second incident involving the airline's widebody fleet occurred in a week. The latest case saw one of the airline’s A330-300s headed to Sydney, Australia, return to Seoul on Sunday after one of its Pratt & Whitney PW4000-series turbofans malfunctioned during the airplane’s climb, prompting the pilots to shut down the engine. A week earlier, on October 23, a Korean Air Airbus A330-300 overran the runway at the Philippines’ Mactan Cebu International Airport during heavy rain, causing severe damage to the forward fuselage. All 162 passengers and 11 crew members on board survived the crash after Flight KE631 from Seoul executed two separate go-arounds due to weather conditions, but the airplane sustained major damage as the front of the airplane tipped forward onto its nose, shearing off much of its underbelly. According to FlightRadar24, the aircraft struck an instrument landing system lighting array before coming to rest about 300 meters beyond the runway. Korean Air told South Korea’s Yonhap news agency that it will remove from service 24 A330s in phases, the first of which underwent inspection on Tuesday. The latest cases add to a fairly long list of Korean Air accidents and incidents over the years, including a 1997 crash that killed 228 people and the 1999 crash of a Korean Air Cargo Boeing 747 in which all four crewmembers died. Thankfully for Korean Air, it has suffered no further fatal accidents since then, although in September one of its Boeing 777-300ERs clipped the tail of an Icelandair Boeing 757-200 on the ground at Heathrow Airport, resulting in no injuries. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2022-11-02/korean-air-launches-special-safety-audit-a330s 1,000 Technicians By 2026: United Airlines Launches Apprenticeship Program United Airlines has launched its own apprenticeship program to train thousands of aircraft mechanics. United Airlines announced on November 2nd that it would launch Calibrate, an Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) program. This program will incorporate an in-house AMT apprenticeship. It plans to use this resource to create a fluid pipeline for AMTs to work for United, and hopes to train more than 1,000 qualified AMTs by 2026. The airline plans to have 50% of these students be women or people of color. The first program will be opened next week in Houston. AMT apprenticeship Calibrate will include a 36-month program that will take students with zero experience and prepare them to be AMTs on United's fleet of Boeing and Airbus Aircraft. The airline's 36-month program is referred to as an "earn and learn" program. This program will allow students to get paid while completing the full-time training curriculum. The tuition will be covered by United as well. The airline claims this will save students upwards of $50,000. The program will focus on helping students meet the minimum requirements to obtain the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) A&P certificate. The training will include both classroom lectures and hands-on experience. All participants will be mentored by currently employed United aircraft technicians. United Airlines' Vice President of Line Maintenance, Rodney Luetzen, shared how the Calibrate program will benefit the airline and the program's participants. Luetzen stated, "Calibrate is a great opportunity for people who are interested in pursuing a rewarding career as an aircraft technician but don't have the resources or support they need to attend traditional technical schools or colleges, "This program will provide life-changing opportunities, help to diversify our workforce and give us access to an even bigger pool of talented, qualified, motivated people." Get the latest aviation news straight to your inbox: Sign up for our newsletters today. Joint effort The United Calibrate program is a part of a three-party partnership. The joint effort, spearheaded by United, was made in association with the FAA and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT). The three parties anticipate that the program will accelerate the path for many to become United AMTs while growing the ranks of Facility Technicians and Ground Service Equipment Mechanics. The partnership plans to open over a dozen additional locations in the coming years, the first of which will be in San Francisco in early 2023. The President of the IBT, Sean O'Brien, has shared the organization's approval and enthusiasm for the program. O'Brien stated, "The Airline Division has done an excellent job of promoting the Aviation Maintenance Technician craft. This program creates the diversity that the Teamsters are known for and will provide great jobs for not only our current Teamster members, but also the next generation." Growing demand The decision to start the program comes as the aviation industry is experiencing a shortage of qualified aircraft mechanics. United Airlines currently has over 9,000 mechanics spread across the globe at over 50 locations. These 9,000 are not enough to entirely meet the airlines' demand. It is actively recruiting new AMTs in hopes that with the 1,000 it plans to train through Calibrate, it will manage to fill all needed roles. This is good news for those looking to become aircraft mechanics. The high demand has driven wages up significantly, with the highest-paid mechanics at United making over $140,000 per year with benefits included. https://simpleflying.com/united-airlines-launch-technician-apprenticeship-program/ Boeing execs try to calm investors after multi-billion dollar loss Boeing posted a multi-billion dollar loss in the third quarter of this year. Now, the company is trying to rebound and move back into positive territory. The plane manufacturer has thousands of jobs based in Washington and the Puget Sound region. This morning, company executives tried to sell investors on a new course for Boeing. They discussed the plan during the company’s investor conference Wednesday morning — it’s the first such conference since 2016. Boeing has faced production delays and issues with certain contracts including defense contracts, and that has spooked some investors who maybe are looking to see what, if anything, Boeing can do to come out of this. Boeing President and CEO Dave Calhoun was the first in a long line of executives to speak this morning. The executives fully admitted that the COVID-19 pandemic and the grounding of its top-selling plane — the 737 MAX — after two deadly crashes had created major issues. The company has racked up debt and taken losses in some of its business sectors as a result. Boeing executives said the company will try to ramp up production in the coming years — production that waned due to factory shutdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also wants to get back to a stable delivery timetable. The company says it will deliver 400-450 737s next year and deliver about 70-80 787s. Company executives said Boeing is hoping to get certification for the 737 MAX later this year or early next year. Calhoun stressed that safety now dominates Boeing’s efforts. He said the groundings and the subsequent efforts toward building a safer 737 MAX have informed all decisions going forward. “We’ll never forget it nor should we ever forget it, and all the work we do around safety, which has been the dominant theme in our company during this whole period of time,” said Calhoun. “All the work we do around safety is built around that promise.” The company has stressed that its free cash flow has been strong and executives this morning said that Boeing believes there will be even higher free cash flow in the coming year. A lot of that is due to jet deliveries that could ramp up through 2023. For perspective, one executive said that manufacturing of the 737 could go from roughly 30-35 planes a month for the first six months to 40-45 planes a month in the latter half of 2023. Boeing is projecting that more jet deliveries could generate about $3 billion to $5 billion in cash flow in 2023. That’s far higher than the roughly $1.5 billion to $2 billion range that could come through this year. Chief Financial Officer Brian West made Boeing’s situation plain while speaking at the conference saying, “The playbook for us is very straightforward; deliver planes, generate cash, pay down debt.” Calhoun had echoed those sentiments earlier, saying that the company does want to be transparent about its goals and wants to make promises for goals that it can actually reach. Boeing said it was working on research for autonomous planes but stressed that such planes and their cutting-edge technology might not materialize until the 2030s. After its third quarter earnings report, the company said it may not be back to pre-pandemic production levels until 2025-2026, a time frame that was echoed during this morning’s investor conference. https://www.yahoo.com/news/boeing-execs-try-calm-investors-185814864.html International Society of Air Safety Investigators https://www.isasi.org/ Call for Papers – ISASI 2023 Nashville, Tennessee: Renaissance Nashville Hotel August 21 – August 25, 2023 The 2023 Theme is “Accidents: The Current Which Lies Beneath” This will be an in-person event with Tutorials on Monday the 21st, Seminar presentations from Tuesday the 22nd through Thursday the 24th and various gatherings throughout the week. Please find the official Call for Papers here: Call for Papers 2023 Final.pdf Please submit expressions of interest to isasi2023@isasi.org Thank you, Your ISASI 2023 Annual Seminar Committee Research Study: Professional Pilot Occupational Risk(s) Survey My name is August Parker, and I am a Doctor of Occupational Therapy Student at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences. I am inviting employed professional pilots to participate in this study by completing an internet survey for a project entitled, “An Occupational Perspective: Therapeutic Interventions to Facilitate Job Performance in Aviators and Astronauts”. The purpose of this study is to assess professional pilots experience with risk(s) in musculoskeletal functioning, mental health, and overall well-being for flight performance. This is a one-time, voluntary survey that is anticipated to take no more than 10 minutes to complete. If you agree, your identity as a participant will remain anonymous during and after the study. This survey is not affiliated with any aviation-related organizations or facilities. I would be grateful if you could forward this message to other pilots in your workforce. If you have any questions, please contact me, August Parker by email at a.parker@usa.edu. For more information and access to the survey, please access the link provided below: https://sway.office.com/ksURu4OaOEAXm7mC?ref=Link THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. AUGUSTINE FOR HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS, PLEASE CONTACT THE INSTITUTIONAL IRB CHAIR, DR. LORI KUPCZYNSKI, EMAIL: LKUPCZYNSKI@USA.EDU, PHONE: 904-330-1559 Thank you for your participation! August Parker, OTDS a.parker@usa.edu The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences GRADUATE RESEARCH SURVEY Dear Pilots and Flight Attendants, Did you know that the difference between a 14-hour flight time and an 18-hour flight time is 28%, which means 28% more exposure by occupants to the cabin environment and other aircraft influences. Keeping this in mind, I am working on a new research study that aims to review current Health & Safety International and National Regulations and best practices for operating Ultra-Long-Range Routes (ULR). ULR operations refer to "An operation involving any sector between a specific city pair (A-B-A) in which the planned flight time exceeds 16 hours, taking into account mean wind conditions and seasonal changes. The scope of this study is to identify different health-related factors affecting Aircrew (Pilots & Flight Attendants) who operate these routes. Based on this review, a gap analysis will be conducted, and recommendations will be presented to mitigate health and safety-related impact factors on Aircrew. As a part of this study, a survey is designed for Aircrew (Pilots and Flight Attendants) who operate on ULR flights. This survey aims to learn about their experience and the different health and safety impact factors that Aircrew experience while operating these routes. Aircrew sought to participate in this study needs to meet the following criteria: - Employed (in the last 24 months) by an air carrier operating scheduled ULR flights (>16hrs); - Qualified as an aircrew member to operate ULR flights. During this study, you will be asked to complete a brief online survey about your opinions concerning health-related issues while operating ULR routes. You will answer several questions about different health-related factors and how it affects your lifestyle, including any prominent experiences you have encountered. The completion of the survey will take approximately 15-20 minutes. If you meet the criteria and are interested in helping, sign up for the study by clicking the link - https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/SV2D9KT You can also sign up by scanning the QR code below. Please let me know if you have any questions I can answer. Thank you for your participation Kind Regards, Aditya Rathi ISASI Robertson Fellow M.S. Safety Science '22 (Aviation Safety) Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott rathia@my.erau.edu | (928)-632-2707 Curt Lewis