Flight Safety Information - November 17, 2022 No. 223 In This Issue : Incident: AirAsia A320 at Penang on Nov 13th 2022, bird strike : Incident: Delta A320 at Salt Lake City on Nov 10th 2022, bird strike : Dallas Midair Collision Accident Analysis - Video : GoFundMe, funeral arrangements set up for local pilots killed in Dallas air show crash : ALPA Objects to ‘Alarming Increase’ in U.S. Visas for Pilots : US will require hot air balloon pilots to pass medical exam : Runway Excursions Again Top Canada TSB Watchlist : Delta plane bound for Atlanta from Fort Myers makes emergency landing in Orlando : Second lawsuit filed in W.Va. helicopter crash that left 6 people dead : Finnair Hoping To Outsource More Flight Attendants : EU and US regulators EASA and FAA join forces to present new roadmap for air-ground connectivity : Partial Regulations Keeping Flying Cars Grounded in U.S. : Will Climate Protestors Cancel The $28 Billion Private Jet Business? : ESASI – ‘FocusOn...ICAO’ - 7 December 2022 : Position Available: Executive Director : Position Available: Manager, Dangerous Goods and Environmental Compliance : ISASI NEEDS YOUR HELP!!! : Call for Papers – ISASI 2023 : GRADUATE RESEARCH STUDY : Research Study: Professional Pilot Occupational Risk(s) Survey : Today's Photo Incident: AirAsia A320 at Penang on Nov 13th 2022, bird strike An AirAsia Airbus A320-200, registration 9M-AHE performing flight AK-6113 from Penang to Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), was climbing out of Penang's runway 04 when the crew stopped the climb at about 14,000 feet and decided to return to Penang for a safe landing on runway 04 about 30 minutes after departure. A passenger reported the aircraft levelled off, the fasten seat belt signs were turned off. There were unusual sounds from the right hand side similiar to an engine (CFM56) spooling down and spooling up. About 5 minutes later the seat belt signs came back on and the aircraft returned to Penang. After landing the captain announced they suspected a bird strike, the passenger should remain on board while maintenance checks the aircraft. About 30 minutes the passengers were asked to disembark. A replacement aircraft took them to Kuala Lumpur. A replacement A320-200 registration 9M-AGU reached Kuala Lumpur with a delay of 5:15 hours. The occurrence aircraft returned to service 24 hours later. https://avherald.com/h?article=5011fc92&opt=0 Incident: Delta A320 at Salt Lake City on Nov 10th 2022, bird strike A Delta Airlines Airbus A320-200, registration N352NW performing flight DL-2994 from Salt Lake City,UT to Chicago O'Hare,IL (USA), was climbing out of Salt Lake City's runway 34R when the aircraft flew through a flock of ducks, an engine (CFM56) emitted bangs and streaks of flames prompting the crew to stop the climb at about 10,000 feet and return to Salt Lake City for a safe landing on runway 34L about 15 minutes after departure. A passenger reported there were flashes and bangs from the engine, the aircraft returned to Salt Lake City. After landing back the captain announced a number of duck carcasses had been found on the runway, they landed back with both engines running. The flight on the replacement A321 was uneventful. A replacement A321-200 registration N344DN reached Chicago with a delay of about 3:40 hours. The occurrence aircraft returned to service about 24 hours after landing back. https://avherald.com/h?article=5011f8a6&opt=0 Dallas Midair Colision Accident Analysis - Video Interesting Preliminary Analysis: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C342dfNPCyg GoFundMe, funeral arrangements set up for local pilots killed in Dallas air show crash Family and friends are remembering the two Tarrant County pilots killed in an air show crash in Dallas on Saturday as men who were passionate about flying and lived for their families. Terry Barker and Leonard “Len” Root, former employees of American Airlines who both lived in Keller, were killed while aboard a B-17 bomber involved in the crash, according to the Allied Pilots Association. “Our hearts go out to their families, friends, and colleagues past and present,” the pilot association said in a statement. Family and community members have set up a GoFundMe account to help cover expenses for Root’s family, and funeral arrangements have been announced for both Tarrant County men. Six people were killed when two World War II-era planes collided in midair Saturday afternoon in a crash at the Wings Over Dallas Airshow at the Dallas Executive Airport. The planes involved were a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and a Bell P-63 Kingcobra. The FAA said the two planes collided and crashed to the ground around 1:20 p.m. Officials said the B-17 had a crew of five people, while the Kingcobra was flown by a single pilot. No paying customers were on board. Videos taken by witnesses and posted to social media appear to show the smaller fighter plane hit the back of the B-17 as the P-63 made a turn. The planes broke apart as they fell to the ground, followed by a fiery explosion and clouds of black smoke billowing into the sky. Leah Block, a spokesperson for the Commemorative Air Force, which is dedicated to preserving World War II aircraft and hosts the air show, said they aren’t sure why the accident occurred. The planes were owned by the Commemorative Air Force and operated by its volunteer members. Officials from the National Transportation Safety Board began investigating Sunday. According to a LinkedIn profile, Root, 66, lived in the Keller area and was a pilot and manager for the Gulf Coast Wing of the Commemorative Air Force. He previously worked for American Airlines for 35 years as a flight director and flight management system program controller. Barker, 67, retired from American after more than 30 years as a pilot. He also lived in Keller, where he served as a city council member for two terms until 2003. Four other people were killed in the crash, including everyone aboard the B-17 and the pilot of the P-63. The five members of the B-17 flight crew were Barker and Root; Dan Ragan, of Dallas; Curtis “Curt” Rowe, of Hilliard, Ohio; and Kevin “K5” Michels, of Austin. The P-63 was flown by Craig Hutain, who was from the Houston area. LEONARD ‘LEN’ ROOT Root was a man of faith who loved his three daughters, his stepdaughter and his stepson, according to a GoFundMe created by his son-in-law Tim Litche to help the family cover expenses. He was “the most friendly, talkative, charming guy. He never knew a stranger,” Litche wrote in a Facebook post. Root retired from American Airlines in 2021, and his retirement party had so many people Litche wrote it was overwhelming to see. Len Root, 66, lived in the Keller area and was a pilot and manager for the Gulf Coast Wing of the Commemorative Air Force. He died in Saturday’s crash at the Wings Over Dallas Airshow. Facebook “He impacted so many lives,” Litche wrote. “We are so proud.” Root was proud of his family, loved God and loved planes, Litche wrote. Susan Starr Watson, Root’s cousin, wrote in a Facebook post that she and Root grew up together in Oregon. They would watch Super 8 movies together during the summers, celebrate the Fourth of July together and sit around the Christmas tree in her house wearing matching bunny pajamas. “Len was a special cousin,” Watson wrote in the Facebook post. “He always was happy and had a heart of gold. His passion was flying. I was so proud of him as his career with American Airlines soared.” She said he loved war planes and wanted to share “the importance of the B17 across our country.” Services for Root will be held at 2 p.m. Dec. 3 at Northwood Church in Keller. Root had been flying since he was 16, when he got his private license at the earliest possible age, his youngest daughter Rebekah Lowery said in an email to the Star-Telegram. He’d been flying the B-17 with the Commemorative Air Force for 30 years, she said. He loved planes and loved being in the air, she said. He wanted to fly every aircraft American Airlines had. “His passions became his family’s passions,” Lowery wrote. “His oldest granddaughter has wanted to follow in his footsteps for years now. He has always wanted to use his flying to serve the Lord.” But his deeper passion in life went beyond flying, she said. “While aviation was super important and special to my dad, his true passion and ministry was people,” Lowery wrote. “He really took the time to invest in as many people as possible. That is becoming more and more evident as tributes and personal stories are being sent to us. My dad loved people and that is how his legacy will live on.“ TERRY BARKER Barker, a former city council member in Keller, split his career between flying survey planes, cargo aircraft and working as a pilot for American Airlines, his friend and former student Dennis Phillips said in a Facebook post. Phillips described him as one of his best friends. The two met in the late 1970s when Barker was flying for Keystone Aerial Surveys and working as a flight instructor. He was a part of the wedding party on Phillips’ wedding day. Terry Barker, a retired American Airlines pilot who previously served on the Keller City Council, was among six people who died Saturday when two World War II-era planes collided in midair at the Wings Over Dallas Airshow at the Dallas Executive Airport. Facebook Barker dreamed of working for American Airlines, and got his chance when he was flying for UPS, Phillips said. He got a phone call from the airline with an offer to work for them, and in the early ‘90s, he moved back to Texas from New Jersey to start his career there with his wife and two sons. He retired from American Airlines in 2020. But his retirement didn’t stop him from flying, Phillips said, as he quickly joined the Commemorative Air Force, flying the B-17. “Terry was an inspiration to me from the start,” Phillips wrote. “Terry always had a smile on and had his unique laughter.” A funeral for Barker is scheduled for 1 p.m. Saturday at White’s Chapel United Methodist Church in Southlake. MEMORIAL A memorial set up by local artist Roberto Marquez outside the Dallas Executive Airport has six crosses, each with a name of one of the six men killed in the air show crash there Saturday, and will soon have a mural to accompany it. A memorial has been set up outside the Dallas Executive Airport, near the intersection of Highway 67 and West Red Bird Lane. Roberto Marquez, a local artist, has set up six crosses, each with the name of a crew member, and has donned them with flowers and other decorations. Marquez is working on a mural to accompany the crosses. “I’m doing this because I hope it makes the family of these people, their loved ones, feel some peace, feel good for a moment,” Marquez said. https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/article268800787.html#storylink=cpy ALPA Objects to ‘Alarming Increase’ in U.S. Visas for Pilots The Air Line Pilots Association again has raised objections to what it calls airlines' improper use of U.S. work visas to recruit foreign temporary pilots and shift flying away from U.S. aviation workers. The most recent complaint stems from the removal of a clause in the Department of Transportation's approval of a joint venture agreement between Delta Air Lines and LATAM that ALPA claims ensured U.S. pilots and other workers “a fair and equitable share of growth in flying.” In a statement released Tuesday, ALPA cited an “alarming” increase in pilot positions certified by the Department of Labor to allow employer sponsorship of H1-B and E-3 visas for “specialty occupations.” The “specialty occupation” designation denotes a minimum of a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent in the specialty as a prerequisite for employment. According to ALPA, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Administrative Appeals Office has repeatedly determined that the piloting profession does not qualify as a specialty occupation. At last week’s AFL-CIO Transportation Trades Department (TTD) Executive Committee meeting, member unions adopted a policy statement calling on the government to ensure airlines do not exploit existing visa programs to displace U.S. pilots with foreign workers and undermine collective bargaining rights. “ALPA and the TTD are perplexed by the Department of Transportation’s decision to remove this pro-labor clause in the Delta-LATAM joint venture,” said ALPA president Joe DePete. “As ALPA and the AFL-CIO explained, their rationale is at odds with the Biden Administration’s otherwise unambiguous pro-worker agenda and reflects a longstanding preference for nonlabor interests when it comes to international aviation. We had hoped the department would be more supportive of such employee clauses and support ALPA’s efforts to protect U.S. airline employees and level the playing field for labor in the international arena, as promised.” In a June 23 letter to Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, DePete and Spirit Airlines ALPA unit chairman Ryan Muller called on the DHS to help prevent U.S. airlines from “misusing” the specialty occupation visa designation. “Despite a verifiable excess of available, qualified pilots in the United States, Spirit Airlines is actively seeking to recruit pilots from Australia using the E-3 visa program,” said the letter. “ALPA is calling on DHS to help set precedent that airline pilot positions are not classified as a ‘specialty occupation’ and coordinate closely with the Department of State to ensure that E-3 reviewers are aware of such precedent.” ALPA characterizes the airlines’ efforts to recruit foreign pilots “as nothing more than [an effort] to undercut U.S. workers and their collective bargaining power” and part of a larger campaign to weaken aviation safety rules by reducing pilot training. “While there are clearly workforce challenges in all sectors of the transportation industry, for airline pilots there are actually more than enough pilots to meet demand, according to the FAA’s own pilot production data,” said DePete. “However, some airlines, that do not offer appropriate compensation and quality-of-life conditions, are having difficulty retaining pilots. That’s not a reason to misuse the U.S. visa program and undermine U.S. workers.” The trade group representing Delta and six other U.S. passenger airlines, Airlines for America, declined to comment on ALPA’s claims. AIN also attempted to elicit comment from Delta and the International Air Transport Association, neither of which offered a position as of publication time. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2022-11-16/alpa-objects-alarming-increase-us-visas-pilots US will require hot air balloon pilots to pass medical exam WASHINGTON (AP) — Federal regulators are requiring pilots of hot air balloons carrying paying passengers to pass an annual medical exam, similar to the requirement for pilots of commercial planes and helicopters. The Federal Aviation Administration adopted a long-delayed final rule on Wednesday that includes the requirement for a medical certificate, which includes examination by an FAA-approved examiner. Congress approved the requirement in 2018 and directed FAA to adopt a rule detailing the requirement by the spring of 2019. When that deadline came and went, lawmakers accused the agency of ignoring Congress’ directions. Balloon pilots had long been exempt from the requirement. The FAA instead went along with voluntary guidelines set by an industry trade group. The National Transportation Safety Board recommended ending the exemption, however. Safety board members criticized the FAA after a 2016 crash in Texas that killed all 16 people on board, the deadliest hot air balloon accident in U.S. history. Investigators determined that the pilot was probably impaired by a variety of medicines when he flew into a power line. The man had told his psychiatrist that he stopped taking his antidepressant medication, and the psychiatrist documented the man’s mood as “not good.” Robert Sumwalt, then the chairman of the safety board, questioned why the FAA endorsed voluntary requirements written by a balloon industry trade group instead of tightening regulations. Last November, the FAA published proposal to require medical certificates. About 200 people and groups commented before the agency issued its final rule. https://www.seattletimes.com/business/us-will-require-hot-air-balloon-pilots-to-pass-medical-exam/ Runway Excursions Again Top Canada TSB Watchlist The Transportation Safety Board of Canada’s (TSB) 12th annual Watchlist highlights eight key safety issues that it said “require government and industry attention that are the result of hundreds of investigations.” Watchlist 2022 again contains two specific aviation concerns: runway incursions and runway overruns. The list also includes three areas encompassing all transportation modes: fatigue, safety management, and regulatory oversight. “Despite millions of successful movements on Canadian runways each year, airplanes sometimes go past the end of a runway surface during landings or rejected takeoffs,” the TSB said. “While some action has been taken since this issue was added to the Watchlist in 2010, the number of runway overruns in Canada has remained constant since 2005.” Although there has not been a recent collision as a result of a runway incursion in Canada, “The rate of runway incursions has doubled in the past 12 years, and this issue is a global concern,” it said. “The potential consequences of such a collision could be catastrophic.” “Some of these issues have been on the Watchlist for far too long, reflecting decades-old safety deficiencies,” noted TSB chair Kathy Fox. “While some steps have been taken to address these, more simply needs to be done.” https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2022-11-01/runway-excursions-again-top-canada-tsb-watchlist Delta plane bound for Atlanta from Fort Myers makes emergency landing in Orlando ORLANDO, Fla. - A plane traveling from Fort Myers to Atlanta (Delta DL1470) made an emergency landing in Orlando on Tuesday. Delta Air Lines said it was due to a cabin pressurization issue. The airline said oxygen masks did not deploy because they were not needed in this situation and the plane dropped altitude to avoid any concerns. FOX Weather's Will Nunley was on board that flight and shared this video with us after the plane landed safely at Orlando International Airport. He talked to another passenger after they got off the plane. "Everyone on the plane seemed calm, but it was definitely weird, the delta employees rushing to the back. I turned around and looked, but I couldn't see anything," Nunley said. Delta said crews are examining that plane and are working to get the passengers to their final destinations. There were 199 passengers on board, plus two pilots and five flight attendants, Delta said. https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/delta-plane-bound-for-atlanta-from-fort-myers-makes-emergency-landing-in-orlando Second lawsuit filed in W.Va. helicopter crash that left 6 people dead A second lawsuit has been filed in connection with a helicopter crash in Logan, West Virginia that killed six people in June. The lawsuit was filed in Logan County Circuit Court on Wednesday by Jason Collins, the son of one of the victims, Jack Collins. "Jack Collins was a wonderful man. He worked in the coal mines his entire life and was planning to enjoy his retirement with family and friends," attorney Ben Salango said in a statement to Eyewitness News. "Our investigation has revealed that this crash was entirely preventable, and we intend to hold those who contributed to Mr. Collins’ death accountable." Last week, the first lawsuit was filed in connection with the crash on behalf Marvin Bledsoe, 64, of Chapmanville. Both suits name multiple defendants and allege negligence led to the deaths of the six people on board the helicopter that crashed during the Huey Reunion, an annual event that allowed attendees the opportunity to fly in a former Vietnam War-era military helicopter. The event was being held during the city of Logan's Freedom Festival that ran from June 21 through June 26. The crash occurred June 22 near Kelly Hollow during the last scheduled flight of the event, about 15 minutes after a Bell UH-1B “Huey” aircraft left the Logan County Airport. Operated by MARPAT Aviation, passengers had the opportunity to fly the former military helicopter with a safety pilot seated alongside. A second lawsuit has been filed in connection with a helicopter crash in Logan, West Virginia that killed six people in June. The lawsuit was filed in Logan County Circuit Court on Wednesday by Jason Collins, the son of one of the victims, Jack Collins, who is pictured here. (Collins Family Photo) A report released by the National Transportation Safety Board said the helicopter hit a rock face and came to rest on Route 17. The wreckage was reported to be 542 feet past a utility cable which crossed above the road. Collins' suit names American Electric Power Company, Inc., United Affiliates Corporation, MARPAT Aviation, LLC, the city of Logan and Gordon F. Prescott as defendants. According to Federation Aviation Administration records, the tail number of the helicopter is registered to Prescott who is from Princeton. https://wchstv.com/news/local/second-lawsuit-filed-in-wva-helicopter-crash-that-left-6-people-dead Finnair Hoping To Outsource More Flight Attendants As its latest cost cutting measure, Finnair is negotiating to try and replace flight attendants based in Finland with flight attendants based in the United States and Thailand. Finnair could hire USA-based flight attendants Finnair has announced that it’s starting negotiations with its flight attendants based in Finland, to discuss plans to subcontract inflight service on more routes. Specifically, by the end of 2023, the airline is hoping to have “local” flight attendants bases in both the United States and Thailand. Finnair already has outsourced flight attendant bases in Hong Kong, India, Singapore, and Sweden. Finnair currently has 1,750 flight attendants based in Finland, and the airline is hoping to reduce that number by 450 as part of this outsourcing. This is part of Finnair’s efforts to restore profitability by reducing unit costs and strengthening unit revenues. Finnair has not only lost a lot of money due to a drop in demand resulting from the pandemic, but the airline is also horribly impacted by no longer being able to use Russian airspace. The negotiations will start on November 23, 2022, and are estimated to take at least six weeks. Finnair is hoping to achieve cost savings with existing crews by changing employment terms. For cabin crew, Finnair has proposed changes to crew utilization efficiency, layover hotel rules, and additional per hour pay for long haul flights, as the closure of Russian airspace has made flight times to Asia considerably longer. Finnair hasn’t had luck with cabin crew negotiations until now, which is why the airline is threatening to outsource more crews. Here’s how Finnair CEO Topi Manner describes these negotiations: “Our target continues to be to find a savings solution together with our cabin crew. We now need a genuine will from the negotiators to find solutions that would allow us to continue inflight service with our own crew, and avoid redundancies. Discussion on alternative solutions is a vitally important part of the change negotiations process.” Finnair is looking to outsource more flight attendant jobs Can someone help me understand this? I have a few thoughts about Finnair’s plans to outsource more flight attendant jobs. First of all, on some level I imagine this is just a threat from management, intended to get Finland-based cabin crew to make more concessions. At the same time, this isn’t exactly an empty threat, given that Finnair has been outsourcing flight attendants to other countries for years. Furthermore, I can’t help but be surprised by how weak Finnair’s cabin crew union seemingly is. In the rest of Europe, cabin crew seem to be very well represented. Meanwhile Finnair has been on a widespread basis outsourcing flight attendant jobs for years (even pre-pandemic). Lastly, while I can appreciate how there would be significant cost savings outsourcing these jobs to Thailand (where labor costs are much cheaper), are the savings when outsourcing to the United States actually significant? I imagine on some level it’s about also getting better work rules. However, there is a loss of efficiency when you have several crew bases, especially in terms of having reserve employees on hand, and scheduling efficiency. Finnair flight attendants don’t seem to have a strong union Bottom line Finnair is entering negotiations with flight attendants, and wants to outsource more flight attendant roles. The airline currently has 1,750 flight attendants based in Finland, and the hope is to outsource 450 more of those roles to the United States and Thailand. While the airline is admittedly in a tough financial spot, Finnair has used foreign crew bases for years, so this concept is nothing new. https://onemileatatime.com/news/finnair-outsource-flight-attendants/ EU and US regulators EASA and FAA join forces to present new roadmap for air-ground connectivity The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have launched a joint cooperation initiative to rethink aviation connectivity, publishing a White Paper proposal for the modernisation and harmonisation of the aviation data communication landscape by 2035. Airbus and Boeing, as aviation stakeholders, contributed to the study, providing insight and information which allowed EASA and the FAA to elaborate the vision presented in the white paper. Aviation connectivity supports the various air-ground data exchanges that are essential to support safe, sustainable air traffic management (ATM) and efficient air operations. It does not include the provision of broadband services to passengers. The exchanges are currently supported by a set of technologies that rely to a large extent on limited-bandwidth links, such as Very High Frequency (VHF) datalink and first-generation aviation SATCOM. While these technologies have served the aviation community well for decades, the systems as currently deployed are fragmented and not always interoperable. There is a need to look to the future and bring the system up to modern-day standards making use of technologies such as broadband. In addition to the desire to modernise, there is a pressing need for the aviation community to converge on what should be the common solutions of tomorrow due to increasing demand on these systems. This is due to the fact that future air traffic management concepts, optimised airline operations and maintenance of latest-generation aircraft will depend on safe, secure and high-capacity connectivity solutions. Key objectives for the project were that the future connectivity landscape must provide the required safety, security and performance levels as well as sufficient capacity. A further aim was to make efficient usage of the bandwidth spectrum already assigned to aviation, without needing to request additional dedicated bandwidth. The white paper outlines a jointly proposed vision for the future aviation connectivity landscape which is based on the combination of aviation-specific solutions (VDL Mode 2 and SATCOM Performance Class B) – that will offer safety and performance – and commercial, broadband solutions. Together, these will allow for high capacity and efficiency at a manageable cost. The paper further includes a roadmap to allow a smooth and safe transition to the new approach. To support this, the roadmap leverages existing or already planned infrastructures to the maximum extent possible, so as to optimise the share of complexity between air and ground, while still providing the required performance. EASA and the FAA are both committed to supporting research in the frame of the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) and NextGen Programmes, and as a next step, supporting the transition strategy presented in the white paper. Patrick Ky, Executive Director, EASA: “For the first time, we have a common vision from all four organisations in the task force, to establish modern air-ground communications that will meet tomorrow’s requirements. This is the first step toward achieving this, and a major one. We look forward now to working with the many other stakeholders to make this vision a reality.” David Boulter, Acting Associate Administrator, Aviation Safety, Federal Aviation Administration: “Data and connectivity are driving aerospace advances, and they are crucial to safety and efficiency worldwide. We look forward to working together to make the transition to a more modern, harmonised and connected global aviation community.” EASA and the FAA are looking forward to engaging with the wider aviation community – including ICAO, as well as Regulators, Standards Organisations, Manufacturers, Operators, Air Navigation Service Providers and Communication Service Providers – to build together a safe, performant and harmonised connectivity future for aviation. https://www.aviation24.be/organisations/easa-european-aviation-safety-agency/eu-and-us-regulators-easa-and-faa-join-forces-to-present-new-roadmap-for-air-ground-connectivity/ Partial Regulations Keeping Flying Cars Grounded in U.S. The current certification and safety process behind flying-car models is incomplete at best, particularly in the U.S., which has been lagging Europe’s EASA for the past several years. Flying cars used to be science fiction. Now, companies are actually developing hundreds of viable air taxis. As far as the technology is concerned, we’re nearly ready for flying cars to take to the skies throughout the world. Sadly, the legal and regulatory aspects of development are lagging. Still, earlier this year the European Union Aviation Safety Agency took a big step in providing a regulatory framework for air taxis and the Federal Aviation Admin. followed suit a few months later. These organizations’ proposals deal with defining airworthiness, pilot licensing, flight paths and other important aspects of both the development and operation of these new aircraft. Investor money is pouring in to develop the technology, and manufacturers have much of what they need to get started. The next step is for the certification authorities to finalize regulations, and EASA/FAA already have shown us a great starting point. Let’s take a look at what these flying vehicles look like today and what needs to change before an air taxi service can take flight over European and North American cities. What Flying Cars? Flying cars, more accurately known as Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) vehicles, aren’t as futuristic as you might think. Many of the major airplane manufacturers, including Boeing, Beta, Lilium, Volocopter, Joby Aviation and Vertical Aerospace are developing these vehicles. So, what exactly is a VTOL? You’re probably most familiar with a VTOL in the form of a helicopter. Helicopters take off and land vertically, without requiring a long runway. The problem with helicopters is that they’re large, energy-inefficient and impractical for short, less-constrained flights within cities. Aircraft developers, operators and paying passengers are looking for something much smaller and more energy-efficient. In theory, a fleet of such vehicles could act as air taxis, allowing people to travel within or between neighboring cities faster, cheaper and “greener” than ever before. Most of the designs for VTOLs are electrically powered (eVTOLs). And electric vehicles don’t leave the large carbon footprint of traditional airplanes. Certification and Safety for Air Taxis Since VTOL vehicles are classified as aircraft rather than automobiles, they have an entirely different and much more rigorous process for certification and safety for both the software and the hardware compared to, say, electric or self-driving cars on the ground. However, the current certification and safety process behind these flying-car models is incomplete at best, particularly in the U.S., which has been lagging Europe’s EASA for the past several years. For most aircraft, the standard DO-178C provides an essential framework for software safety and quality control. For hardware, it’s DO-254. Unfortunately, eVTOLs have specific features that require special consideration beyond what those two standards currently offer. Those features bring a lot of challenges to developing and certifying such aircraft. First, electric aircraft need battery power and added redundancy, particularly for the more high-risk takeoff and landing phases of vertical flight. Even for a relatively short-range aircraft, the power draw is considerable, so you need complex infrastructure including a charging system and charging stations. Also, lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in electronic aircraft designs, come with the danger of ignition. So, these batteries require additional containment systems and redundancy/mitigation in case of an excessive heat scenario. Therefore, any certification or regulatory framework for eVTOLs needs to consider battery monitoring and safety. Second, the more electronic systems a vehicle has, compared to pneumatic systems, the higher the chance of logic errors, an accidental arc or power failure that could cause a catastrophic crash. Worse, eVTOLs that have a system failure are more likely to crash than typical airplanes during the more-risky takeoff/landing phase. An airplane can glide to safety after losing engine power. Helicopters can use auto-rotation. Small eVTOLs don’t have those options to generate lift in case of a system failure. Any certifying body would have to take this danger into consideration and develop additional requirements for backup systems and other such safety measures. Third and perhaps most important, a large number of air taxis flying around in a relatively small airspace means more potential for collisions. To prevent accidents, the U.S. would need more robust sense-and-avoid systems and traffic control infrastructure, possibly including automated collision-prevention systems. Such systems would require additional expense, certification and testing requirements. Vance Hilderman_3.22.jpgWhat’s Next for Air Taxis? There are many other challenges specific to certifying eVTOLs. Still, the EU already has provided an example of what a regulatory framework can look like for flying-car designs. Europe certified the world’s first all-electric aircraft three years ago via Pipistrel. The U.S. can begin to take a look at those standards, as well as the existing ARP47XX, DO-178C and DO-254 standards, and start to create a comprehensive unified international standard for safety and quality for eVTOLs. The technology already is here and theoretically could be in commercial production within just a few years. Unfortunately, regulatory bodies are still behind on developing the standards needed to fully operate eVTOLs to function as air taxis. Until those regulatory authorities catch up, flying cars will continue to be a thing of the future for flyers. https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/partial-regulations-keeping-flying-cars-grounded-us Will Climate Protestors Cancel The $28 Billion Private Jet Business? The private jet industry enjoyed explosive growth in popularity during the pandemic, providing incredible convenience to those who could afford it. But that very popularity put it in the crosshairs of climate activists. Private jets are under attack. Protests against private jet aircraft, their operators and of course their wealthy customers took place at airports around the world on Thursday, November 10. According to NBC, climate activists in 13 countries protested private jets on that day, some chaining themselves to airport fences. At least 15 were arrested. Why private jets? NBC, sounding more like an advocate than a news organization, claimed, “The activists targeted private jets because they represent the contributions of the ultrarich — and their lifestyles — to global greenhouse gas emissions.” The protestors got little traction in U.S. media. Anti-oil protestors gluing themselves to art masterpieces seem to have taken their oxygen. Nonetheless, private jets, regarded as a toy of the rich, have become a target of the “billionaire’s tears” crowd. A single billionaire produces a million times more emissions than an average person, an Oxfam study claims. Meanwhile, “let them eat cake” comments like “Your jet or mine” and a 17-minute flight by a Kardashian burning a pointless hole in the atmosphere have done the industry no favors. We asked executives of three private jet companies for comments. But no one stepped forward to defend the industry, estimated at $27.54 billion in 2019. It provided 2.15 million private charters in 2020, often when commercial planes were grounded by COVID. In an era of shortages, the private jet industry is a pipeline for commercial pilots, and 15,500 of the 22,000 business jets worldwide are in North America. Yet both the industry and celebrity jet owners like Ophrah Winfrey, John Travolta, Jackie Chan and Jay-Z remained silent. Scientist Rebellion member Gianluca Grimalda said "It is obscene that Jeff Bezos or Bill Gates can fly their private jets tax-free, while global communities starve.” Few celebrities want to be branded “climate criminals,” especially in the face of ‘eat the rich’ rhetoric. Anti-jet protests were held around the U.S and in Milan, Stockholm, Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam and two London airports. In the U.S., anti-private jet protests took place at New Jersey’s Teterboro Airport, LA’s Van Nuys Airport popular with celebrities, Seattle’s Boeing Field, and Wilson Air Terminal at Charlotte International Airport. Activist groups Extinction Rebellion, Scientist Rebellion and Guardian Rebellion were among those behind the protests. In 2019, Extinction Rebellion planned to shut down London’s Heathrow Airport with drones. That year they blocked the entrances of Britain’s biggest private airport, Farnborough, site of one of the world’s most popular airshows. Also in 2019, the first draft of the U.S. Green New Deal proposed banning airliners in favor of trains. This year, at Van Nuys Airport, a handful of protestors showed up with signs. “Make polluters pay,” read one. “Ban private jets,” read another. Another protestor held a cut-out of a jet with the catch-phrase “Private jets are 10x more Carbon Intensive than commercial planes.” Others chained themselves to a fence. The NIMBYs in my neighborhood in the Van Nuys flight path would probably provide moral support, as they constantly complain about aircraft noise and pollution. "The rich are burning down the planet and the damage is irreversible,” said climate scientist Peter Kalmus, who was arrested at the Charlotte protest. "We must stop them. Banning private jets would be a start." If it weren’t for the nature of the rhetoric, it would be easy to joke that the ultimate goal of such protests is to force the rich to fly commercial. Perhaps proper punishment for private jet customers would be to force them to fly economy, an alternative the late Prince Philip described as “ghastly.” But the stakes are much higher. Private jets, which can emit up to 2 tons of CO2 in an hour flight, are uniquely vulnerable to attacks as ‘climate destroyers.’ Alternative sources of power are perhaps five to ten years away, while Sustainable Aviation Fuel with lower environmental impact currently costs eight times as much as kerosene. Meanwhile, young jet-set celebrities like Taylor Swift, #1 on a list of private jet emissions, and Kylie Jenner, with a 17-minute flight from Camarillo to Van Nuys, do the private jet industry no favors. How effective will protests be at crippling the $28 billion private jet industry? Hard to say. But just one person, Greta Thunberg, successfully demonized European use of natural gas and nuclear power, driving up energy costs across the continent. In the U.S., California Governor Gavin Newsom banned the sale of gasoline powered vehicles by 2035. Meanwhile the state limited oil drilling, put restrictions on refineries, and raised the gasoline tax to over $1.50 per gallon, resulting in gas prices that remain the highest in the U.S. at almost $6 per gallon. Will the protestors succeed? In the short term, unlikely. They are taking on an industry beloved by the rich and powerful. And who has the power to “ban” private jets? But the rumble could turn into a roar. A state like California could easily decide to lower acceptable noise and carbon levels for private aircraft. Like it or not, the aviation industry must learn how to make the case for its own existence. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2022/11/16/will-climate-protestors-cancel-the-28-billion-private-jet-business/?sh=62f39dcd492c FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE November 10, 2022 CONTACT: Philip Barbour, 205-939-1700, 205-617-9007 General Richard A. Cody, U.S. Army, Retired Named As Recipient Of 66th Annual Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award Pilar Vera Palmes Named As Honorary Recipient Of 66th Annual Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award Alexandria, Va. -- The Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Foundation is pleased to announce General Richard A. Cody, U.S. Army, Retired, as the 2022 recipient of the Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award and Madam Pilar Vera Palmes as an honorary recipient for her humanitarian efforts. General Cody was selected for his strong and determined leadership of the National Commission on Military Aviation Safety, which produced actionable recommendations including permanent organizational changes to improve aviation safety across the Department of Defense. Of major and unique significance was the creation of the Joint Safety Council, which will permanently raise the status of military operational safety to the highest levels within the Offices of the Secretary of Defense. Pilar Palmes was selected for her extraordinary international humanitarian efforts in support of the victims of aviation accidents and their families over the last decade. Following the tragic loss of a loved one on Spanair Flight JK5022 in 2008, Pilar Palmes turned her grief into advocacy for the rights of surviving passengers and that of the families of those lost. In 2010 she became President of the Association of Affected of Flight JK5022, expanding her scope. In 2015 she created the Air Crash Victims Families Federation International (ACVFFI), an international organization composed of ten victims associations from different international accidents. ACVFFI is now recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organization as the singular voice for victims and their families.” The 66th annual Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award recipients were announced Monday, November 7th as part of the 75th annual Flight Safety Foundation International Air Safety Summit in Atlanta, Georgia. About the Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Foundation and Award On April 14, 1945, after visiting family in Pittsburgh, Mrs. Laura Taber Barbour was aboard a Pennsylvania Central Airlines DC-3 when it crashed into the rugged terrain of Cheat Mountain near Morgantown, West Virginia. All passengers and crew were killed. In 1956, her husband, Dr. Clifford E. Barbour and son, Cliff, established the Award in her honor. For sixty-six years, this long distinguished award has recognized those responsible for crowning achievements in aviation safety worldwide. The Award was established through early association with the Flight Safety Foundation and from its founding has enjoyed a rich history of Award Board members, nominees and Award recipients. In 2013, the Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Foundation was formed from members of the Award Committee, the aviation community and the Barbour family. As the foundation plans to broaden the scope of its intent, with great purpose, the Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award will continue to spotlight those champions who pioneer breakthroughs in flight safety. For more information on the foundation, the award, Barbour scholars and past winners, visit http://LTBAward.org ESASI – ‘FocusOn...ICAO’ - 7 December 2022 ESASI FocusOn...ICAO will take place on 7 December 2022, which is the 78th anniversary of the signing of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. The aim of this free session is to increase the understanding of aviation safety investigators on the breadth of ICAO’s activities relative to accident investigation. Speakers and Content The principal speakers are: Padhraic Keller, President of the Air Navigation Commission; Thor Thormodsson, Air Accident Investigator, ICAO Air Navigation Bureau; Arnaud Desjardin, Safety Officer ICAO EUR/NAT Regional Office Paris; Olivier Ferrante, Chair ICAO Accident Investigation Group Panel; and Simon Lie, Annex 13 Research Group. The session will be chaired by Dr David King, Visiting Professor at Cranfield University, Ex Chief Inspector of UK AAIB. FocusOn...ICAO will cover the ICAO organisation from the 1944 Chicago Convention, through its structure, guidance material, circulars, State Letters and Annexes. It will look at its implementation and explore the Annexes particularly relevant to the air accident investigation community, which includes Annex 13. The session will conclude with an open discussion on the topics covered. Format FocusOn...ICAO will be hosted on Zoom and start at 1400 UTC on Wednesday 7 December 2022. The formal session will be kept to a maximum of two hours and the virtual meeting room will be opened from 1300 UTC to allow you to meet and enjoy a coffee (also free!). We also intend to keep the virtual room open for a further 30 minutes at the end of the session to allow members, who so wish, the opportunity to continue informal discussions. Invitation If you are interested in joining FocusOn…ICAO, then please send an email to registrations@esasi.eu to obtain a link to the meeting and details of Zoom meeting good practices. Position Available: Executive Director Organization: National Gay Pilots Association (NGPA) Position: Executive Director Reports To: Board of Directors Location: Remote Are you a strategic, creative aviation leader with a passion for LGBTQ+ advocacy? Come join the National Gay Pilots Association (NGPA), the largest organization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer aviation professionals and enthusiasts from around the world. They are seeking an Executive Director to serve as a representative of NGPA and lead the strategic direction of the organization. This is an excellent opportunity for an aviation leader looking for the next step in their career! NGPA offers: • Remote flexibility • Generous benefits package • Opportunity to be a part of a close community & connect with aviation lovers of different backgrounds As the Executive Director, you will play a critical role in reflecting the values of NGPA's membership and delivering on NGPA's strategic mandate. You will serve as the primary public-facing representative of NGPA and its constituents and will guide a fiscally responsible operation. Qualified candidates offer: • Bachelor’s degree in an aviation or management-related field; undergraduate degree combined with an alternate technical qualification in an aviation-related profession is also acceptable • 2 years of senior leadership experience in the private or public sector, or membership on a Board of Directors in the nonprofit sector • Private Pilot License or other FAA-issued certificate (either past or current); a minimum of three cumulative years of experience working in a technical/operational role in the commercial or military aviation sector will serve as an adequate substitute for the technical requirement • Knowledge of the operational functions, leadership structures, and regulatory responsibilities of a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization • Proficiency in budget management How To Apply If you believe you meet the requirements, please submit a resume and cover letter to the following job link (or copy/paste link to a new window): https://recruitcrm.io/apply/16679292482790013318zKt Additional inquiries and questions can be emailed to Beth Cessna at jobs@cessnasearch.com. NGPA is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer. About the National Gay Pilots Association (NGPA) NGPA is the largest organization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer aviation professionals and enthusiasts from around the world. Its mission has been simple: to Build, Support, and Unite the LGBTQ aviation community worldwide. Through education, social events, and outreach, NGPA advances its primary goals: • PROMOTE aviation safety. • PROVIDE an affirming social and professional network for the LGBTQ aviation community. • FOSTER equal treatment of the LGBTQ aviation community through advocacy and outreach. • ENCOURAGE members of the LGBTQ community to begin careers in aviation. • NGPA is committed to diversity and inclusion at all levels of the organization including executive leadership. The Board of Directors will continually endeavor to increase the recruitment of historically underrepresented and disadvantaged groups from within the aviation sector, including women and persons of color. About Cessna & Associates, LLC Cessna & Associates, LLC is a boutique HR consultancy partnering with mission-driven nonprofit organizations. Our goal is to identify the best potential candidates that the market has to offer. The Power of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Fuels Success Cessna & Associates embraces and celebrates the strength that diversity brings to our organization. Just as we are deliberate in our own pursuit of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives, our efforts support our clients' DEI success. We drive every search with an unyielding focus to create an even playing field for all candidates and assess their ability to be "culture adds", not merely "fits" for our clients. Our team builds and nurtures this rich tapestry of diversity for ourselves and for our clients. Manager, Dangerous Goods and Environmental Compliance Indianapolis, IN US ID JR-003952 Category Manager, Dangerous Goods and Environmental Compliance Schedule Full time POSITION PURPOSE Manages a team to ensure Hazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods and Environmental Compliance. Observes and reviews company operations to ensure compliance with various environmental and hazardous materials/dangerous goods regulations. Consults, advises, and trains various individuals and groups on compliance with regulatory environmental and hazardous materials/dangerous goods programs as required by local, state and federal regulations. Implements policies, procedures, and programs to ensure compliance with company and governmental standards and regulations. Conducts on-site hazardous materials and environmental evaluations, assessments, and investigations ESSENTIAL DUTIES • To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. Reasonable accommodation may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. • Analyzes regulations and pending legislation on hazardous materials/dangerous goods issues to provide input and identify any potential impact on company activities. Assures that key information is assimilated to all affected departments, locations and employees. • Interfaces with FAA, DOT, other governmental departments, federal and local, and codeshare partners in matters involving regulatory compliance with applicable Code Federal Regulation’s (CFR). Responds to System Operations Control and Crew Dangerous Goods carriage inquires. • Interprets, administers, and adheres to 49 CFR and IATA DGR, and investigates any incidents or violations. Reports findings to the appropriate management and facilitate the implementation of required corrective measures. • Manages mediation and litigation with regulatory agencies to lessen financial and/or media impact of findings. • Works with other department heads to develop and implement hazardous materials training, safety policies and procedures, and communicates the results throughout the company ensuring a standardized regulatory compliance system-wide. • Creates, reviews and communicates compliance manuals. • Directs the coordination, scheduling, preparation and execution of audits as they relate to dangerous goods and hazardous materials. • Manages the development, review and implementation of training materials related to Internal Evaluations, Codeshare surveillances and Safety Management Systems as they relate to dangerous goods and hazardous materials. Ensures the maintenance and materials departments of the company are receiving the appropriate training. • Responds to emergency calls on a 24/7 basis. • Provides technical leadership to team and department members. Leads through example; monitors, influences and trains others. • Identifies and develops required environmental programs under 14 CFR and 40 CFR applicable to the scope and activities of the Company. • Implements the company’s Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) program in compliance with federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. Advises operating managers concerning the company’s environmental objectives. • Investigates and reviews all Hazardous Material and environmental incidents and spill reports. Develops solutions to prevent future occurrences. • Develops and recommends policies for pollution abatement and environmental management. Reviews company facilities to determine if pollution control considerations are adequate and act as a technical resource during procurement or changes in operations at company facilities. • Writes and negotiates National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting. • Provides source emissions testing using EPA Test Methods (as required). • Represents the company at regulatory hearings, legal actions and legislative meetings. • Maintains liaison with outside associations concerned with pollution control and corporate functional areas. Identifies environmental legislative and/or regulatory developments with significant potential impact on Company operations. Collects, analyzes and disseminates environmental data to all affected stakeholders. • Files regulatory reports for OSHA, EPA and other regulatory agencies. Maintains compliance records of federal, state and local regulatory laws. • Fosters the Company’s core values and culture throughout the work environment. • Provides technical leadership to team and department members. Leads through example; monitors, influences and trains others. • Performs various other duties as assigned. REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ABILITIES The requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability necessary to perform this job. EDUCATION and/or EXPERIENCE • Bachelor’s degree (B.A. /B.S.) or equivalent in safety or related area or combination of education and experience. • A minimum of 5 years of Aviation experience. • Experience using RAMCO or other Enterprise Resource Planning system PREFERRED EDUCATION and/or EXPERIENCE At least 5 years of Aviation experience in Safety, Environmental Compliance and/or Dangerous Goods. LANGUAGE SKILLS Ability to read, analyze, and interpret general business periodicals, professional journals, technical procedures, or governmental regulations. Ability to write reports, business correspondence, and procedure manuals. Ability to effectively present information and respond to questions from groups of managers, clients, customers, and the general public. REASONING/PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY Ability to solve practical problems and deal with a variety of concrete variables in situations where only limited standardization exists. Ability to interpret a variety of instructions furnished in written, oral, diagram, or schedule form. DECISION MAKING Makes day to day decisions used to support strategic direction. Decisions often require some thought and are somewhat structured. Decisions tend to be short term and usually moderate cost. PHYSICAL AND VISUAL DEMANDS The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Ability to stand, walk, climb, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, crawl, under 35% of the time. Ability to lift up to 50 pounds up to 35% of the time. WORK ENVIRONMENT The work environment characteristics described here are representative of those an employee encounters while performing the essential functions of this job. • Outdoor weather conditions/open air hangar up to 35% of the time. • Ability to carry a company phone and respond to calls on a 24/7 basis. TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS • Ability to travel up to 50% of the time, including overnight and weekend travel. • International travel requires a valid passport. To all ISASI members, ISASI NEEDS YOUR HELP!!! You should have received your dues notice for 2023 and many of you have already provided us with payment. Thank you for your continued support. Unfortunately, Covid has hurt many organizations and individuals financially and, as a result, our membership numbers have dipped to an “unprecedented” low. This impacts ISASI’s ability to operate effectively moving forward. As your President it is my belief that we can turn that trend around and rebound in 2023. To enable this turn-around I am announcing an ISASI Membership Drive. I am sure that many of you have colleagues who are not currently ISASI members but would benefit greatly by being so. I am asking that you take a moment to reach out to encourage them to sign up. Think of the possibilities if we could each get one more person to join. I would also ask that you check if the organization you work for is a current (paid) member – if so thank them. If your organization is not a current member, we would welcome their support and participation and ask that you encourage their involvement. Please feel to send me any contact information if you would like me to contact the appropriate person. New membership application information is found on the ISASI website: International Society of Air Safety Investigators - ISASI Thanking you in advance for your assistance. Barbara International Society of Air Safety Investigators https://www.isasi.org/ Call for Papers – ISASI 2023 Nashville, Tennessee: Renaissance Nashville Hotel August 21 – August 25, 2023 The 2023 Theme is “Accidents: The Current Which Lies Beneath” This will be an in-person event with Tutorials on Monday the 21st, Seminar presentations from Tuesday the 22nd through Thursday the 24th and various gatherings throughout the week. Please find the official Call for Papers here: Call for Papers 2023 Final.pdf Please submit expressions of interest to isasi2023@isasi.org Thank you, Your ISASI 2023 Annual Seminar Committee GRADUATE RESEARCH STUDY Good day, I am a B777 Captain flying for one of the worlds major airlines studying for a degree in Aviation Management through a University based in the United Kingdom. I am studying levels of burnout and fatigue within the industry, please can I get a few minutes of your time to fill out this survey to find out how you are being or have been affected by this. Thank you. Captain William Oliver https://forms.gle/XBMyeniKaqQwwfQr9 Research Study: Professional Pilot Occupational Risk(s) Survey My name is August Parker, and I am a Doctor of Occupational Therapy Student at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences. I am inviting employed professional pilots to participate in this study by completing an internet survey for a project entitled, “An Occupational Perspective: Therapeutic Interventions to Facilitate Job Performance in Aviators and Astronauts”. The purpose of this study is to assess professional pilots experience with risk(s) in musculoskeletal functioning, mental health, and overall well-being for flight performance. This is a one-time, voluntary survey that is anticipated to take no more than 10 minutes to complete. If you agree, your identity as a participant will remain anonymous during and after the study. This survey is not affiliated with any aviation-related organizations or facilities. I would be grateful if you could forward this message to other pilots in your workforce. If you have any questions, please contact me, August Parker by email at a.parker@usa.edu. For more information and access to the survey, please access the link provided below: https://sway.office.com/ksURu4OaOEAXm7mC?ref=Link THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. AUGUSTINE FOR HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS, PLEASE CONTACT THE INSTITUTIONAL IRB CHAIR, DR. LORI KUPCZYNSKI, EMAIL: LKUPCZYNSKI@USA.EDU, PHONE: 904-330-1559 Thank you for your participation! August Parker, OTDS a.parker@usa.edu The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences Curt Lewis